Application of surface alloy layer to fuel cell catalyst

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Surface structure of a PtSn surface alloy on Pt(111), activating the ethanol oxidation reaction, was determined by using in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray diffraction. At the Sn coverage lower than 0.23, ordered structure of the PtSn alloy layer were observed by STM in perchloric acid. The superstructure with small domain size are formed at the Sn coverage = 0.23, which promotes the catalytic activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction with a high durability. X-ray structural analysis shows that penetration of Sn to subsurface was less than 1 %; PtSn alloy layer is mainly formed the surface layer of Pt(111). Sn atoms in the PtSn alloy layer protrude by 0.02 nm from the first Pt layer similar to the surface structure of Pt3Sn(111).