Multi-objective risk-minimization network flow problems and their applications

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This study addressed the design of safe walking routes from school to home for school children. Children are considered to be safer when walking together in groups rather than alone. We proposed a bi-objective optimization model where both the total risk (defined as the total distance walked alone) and the total walking distance traveled by children are minimized. We applied the problem to road networks and analyzed Pareto optimal solutions. The result shows that the proposed method provides solutions in which only a small deviation from the shortest path results in a significant reduction of the total distance walked alone.