The description of microbial diversity on the earth using GenBank

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There is a common hypothesis "Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" for the distribution and functioning of microbes. To confirm this hypothesis, the analyses based on data base search and also field samplings were carried out. The targeted assemblages were bacteria in freshwater ecosystem, and green algae on cryosphere.The analyses revealed the simultaneous existence of cosmopolitan- and endemic- clades within closely related microbial assemblages. These results suggested the synergetic effects of dispersal and local environmental niche for the diversity and structure of microbial assemblages. The relative importance of these factors should be further examined in future studies.