Food Web Linkage between Forest and Stream Ecosystems: Evaluation by Large-scale Field Manipulation Experiment

森林和溪流生态系统之间的食物网联系：通过大规模田间操纵实验进行评估

• 批准号: 11440224
• 负责人: MURAKAMI Masashi
• 金额: $ 9.28万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY (2000-2001)Kyoto University (1999)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11440224/
• 关键词: Landscape Ecology; Forest-stream Ecotone; Bird Community; Fish Community; Large-scale manipulative Field Experiment; 野外操作実験; 日米共同研究; 資源移流; 羽化水生昆虫; 補償効果; 多様性; 現存量; 食物網; 森林-河川相互作用; 森林―河川相互作用

The matter flows across a forest-stream interface can have significant influences on food web dynamics by altering the species interactions in both forest and stream ecosystems. Manipulative field experiments clearly shown the energy flow between these systems support the abundance and diversity of variety of consumers in recipient systems. Allochthonous resources not only support the basis for consumer production but also alter trophic interactions in recipient communities in multiple ways. The subsidized consumers can both negatively and positively affect the in situ prey populations. It is suggested that foraging behavior and resource quality and quantity are crucial determinants of indirect effects of allochthonous resource inputs on in situ prey populations. Furthermore, it is suggested that seasonally fluctuating subsidy can stabilize the dynamics of the recipient food web. The food web stability of recipient system is greatly enhanced by seasonal subsidies that concentrate the t … More ime when the in situ productivity is low. The offset of the peak of productivity in juxtaposed systems is important in stabilizing the food web dynamics.The importance of understanding such ecological functions produced by habitat linkages is growing because human interference is rapidly altering the spatial patterns of habitat interfaces on a broad scale. Well-developed overhanging vegetation in a riparian forest, for instance, can enhance the input of terrestrial invertebrates. Furthermore, meandering and/or braided stream channels can be expected to increase the supply of emerging aquatic insects per unit area of forest. This report shows that stream geomorphology can exert powerful, possibly even dominant, influences over adjacent riparian bird communities in seasonally fluctuating landscape. The importance of organismal attribute as a factor regulating the matter flow between systems were also shown. These findings strongly suggested a synergistic effect of physical and biological attributes on matter flow between systems on food web dynamics in recipient system. The importance of reciprocal resource subsidies between habitats indicates that the loss or degradation of one habitat may have more detrimental effects on neighboring communities than we have previously recognized. Less

通过改变森林和河流生态系统中物种的相互作用，森林-河流界面的物质流可以对食物网动态产生重大影响。操纵现场实验清楚地表明，这些系统之间的能量流支持的丰富性和多样性的各种消费者在接收系统。外来资源不仅支持消费生产的基础，而且以多种方式改变接受社区的营养相互作用。补贴的消费者可以消极和积极的影响，在原地猎物种群。这表明，觅食行为和资源的质量和数量是至关重要的决定因素的间接影响，异地资源输入在原位猎物种群。此外，季节性波动的补贴可以稳定受援国的食物网动态。季节性补贴集中了粮食需求，大大提高了受援国系统的食物网稳定性。 ...更多信息 当原位生产率低时，并置系统中生产力峰值的偏移对于稳定食物网动态是重要的，理解生境联系产生的生态功能的重要性正在增加，因为人类的干扰正在迅速改变生境界面的空间格局。例如，河岸森林中发育良好的悬垂植被可以增加陆地无脊椎动物的输入。此外，蜿蜒和/或编织的河流通道可以预期增加供应的新兴水生昆虫每单位面积的森林。这份报告表明，溪流地貌可以施加强大的，甚至可能占主导地位，影响邻近的河岸鸟类群落在季节性波动的景观。生物属性作为调节系统间物质流动的一个因素的重要性也得到了证明。这些结果强烈地表明了物理和生物属性对系统间物质流的协同作用对受体系统食物网动力学的影响。栖息地之间的互惠资源补贴的重要性表明，一个栖息地的丧失或退化可能会对邻近社区产生比我们以前认识到的更有害的影响。少

项目成果

Wada, N., Murakami, M.: "Effects of the herbivore-bearing adult trees of the oak Quercus crispula on the survival of their seedlings"Ecological Research. 15. 219-227 (2000)

Wada, N.，Murakami, M.：“食草动物的橡树栎成年树对其幼苗存活的影响”生态研究。

Fausch, K.D., 谷口義則,中野繁,C.Grossman and C.Townsend: "Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among five holarctic regions."Ecological Applications.. (in press).

Fausch, K.D.、Yoshinori Taniguchi、Shigeru Nakano、C.Grossman 和 C.Townsend：“洪水干扰状况影响虹鳟鱼在五个全极地区成功入侵。”生态应用..（出版中）。

村上正志: "Foraging mode shift in forest insectivorous birds."Avaia Science.. (in press).

Masashi Murakami：“森林食虫鸟类的觅食模式转变。”Avaia Science..（出版中）。

Mikio Inoue: "Habitat structure along channel-unit sequences for juvenile salmon: an analysis on in-stream laudscapes"Freshwater Biology. 42. 597-608 (1999)

Mikio Inoue：“幼年鲑鱼沿通道单元序列的栖息地结构：对河流内景观的分析”淡水生物学。

Iwata, T., Nakano S., Inoue M.: "Impacts of riparian deforestation on stream communities in tropical rain forests of Borneo"Ecological Application. (in press).

Iwata, T.、Nakano S.、Inoue M.：“河岸森林砍伐对婆罗洲热带雨林溪流群落的影响”生态应用。