FOR 2804: The Materials Science of Teeth in Function: Principles of Durable, Dynamic Dental Interphases

当临床需要出现时，使用不可吸收的生物材料修复牙齿。这通常意味着人造牙科材料需要在口腔中的苛刻循环载荷条件下工作多年。最初，牙科医生在放置填充物或牙冠之前去除病理/断裂组织（例如龋齿）。为了保持牙体在适当的位置，牙体和剩余的健康牙齿组织之间必须建立紧密的接触。良好的接触是通过形成“中间区域”、3D片状结构来实现的，该结构包括具有不同微观形态、组成和性质的中间层。尽管有大量的聚合物、陶瓷和金属化合物，但人工构建的牙齿矫正中的中间区域永远不会像通常由简单的轻质有机和矿物成分制成的天然对应物那样好。造成这种差异的原因尚不清楚。因此，牙医经常过度设计或未充分利用缺陷容忍材料。我们建议，更深入地了解在哪里以及如何开始层间故障，和高分辨率分析的底层微观结构可以铺平道路，设计更持久的层间。在这里，我们提出了一个研究单位“InterDent”，将作为一个平台，材料科学家，工程师和牙科临床医生密切互动的六个互补项目。项目1将阐述牙本质化学老化的性质和动力学，项目2将揭示牙骨质-牙本质-连接处令人印象深刻的抗剪切疲劳性的原理。项目3试图从填充物和牙本质之间的不良中间区中学习，同时试图对邻近牙本质的龋齿预测因子进行基准测试。项目4检查附着在牙齿清洁剂上的生物膜的物理化学线索。项目5侧重于主要类别的牙冠材料和水泥，以生成大量不同类型损伤的高分辨率模拟。项目6评估根管治疗的封闭空间中的修复硬化的动态。通过跨学科研究人员之间的知识和数据转移，我们将确定预测降解所需的关键参数，我们希望将其反馈到临床中。InterDent在柏林的独特环境结合了先进的材料科学实验室和牙科临床医生，是理想的肥沃土壤，可以激发合作，从而在InterDent领域进行新的观察。协调项目的一个主要目标是在各学科之间建立一种协作文化，以便更好地了解区间现象，并最终改善牙科治疗。

When the clinical need arises, teeth are restored with non-resorbable biomaterials. This usually means that man-made dental materials need to operate for many years under harsh, cyclic loading conditions in the mouth. Initially, the dental surgeon removes pathologic/fractured tissue (e.g. caries) before placing fillings or crowns. To retain the restorations in place, intimate contacts must become established between the restorations and the remaining healthy tooth tissues. Good contact is achieved through formation of ‘interzones’, 3D sheet-like structures comprising intermediate layers with distinct micro-morphologies, compositions and properties. Despite a large range of polymer, ceramic and metal compounds, interzones in artificially constructed tooth restorations are never as good as their natural counterparts that are usually made of simple light organic and mineral components. The reasons for this discrepancy are poorly understood. As a result, dentists often overdesign or underutilize defect-tolerant materials. We propose that a deeper understanding of where and how interzone failure starts, and high resolution analysis of the underlying microstructures can pave the way to designing more durable interzones. Here we propose a research unit "InterDent" that will serve as a platform where materials scientists, engineers and dental clinicians intimately interact within six complementary projects. Whereas project 1 will address the properties and dynamics of chemical aging in dentine, project 2 will unravel the principles of the impressive shear fatigue resistance of the cemento-dentine-junction. Project 3 tries to learn from poor interzones between fillings and dentine, while attempting to benchmark predictors of caries near restorations. Project 4 examines the physical-chemical clues of biofilms attached to dental restorations. Project 5 focuses on the main classes of crown materials and cements to generate a large number of high-resolution simulations of different kinds of damage. Project 6 assesses the dynamics of restoration hardening in the confined space of root canal treatment. By transfer of know-how and data between interdisciplinary researchers, we will identify key parameters needed to predict degradation which we hope to feed back into the clinic. The unique setting of InterDent in Berlin combining advanced material science laboratories with dental clinicians is the ideal fertile soil for an inspiring cooperation leading to novel observations in the fields of InterDent. A major objective of the coordination project is to establish a culture of collaboration between the disciplines for the benefit of a better understanding of interzone phenomena and ultimately better dental treatment.