Interferon-gamma-mediated tissue factor expression contributes to T-cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis through induction of hyper coagulation in mice

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Concanavalin A (Con A) treatment induces fulminant hepatitis in mice in a manner dependent on interferon (IFN)-gamma. As previously reported, treatment with the anticoagulant heparin protects against Con A hepatitis, despite healthy production of IFN-gamma. Here, we investigated the mechanisms for hypercoagulation-mediated hepatitis. Mice deficient in IFN-gamma were resistant to Con A hepatitis without induction of systemic and hepatic hypercoagulation. This suggests that IFN-gamma is necessary for the thrombus-associated changes. Neutralization of tissue factor, that is essential for the activation of coagulation cascade, resulted in the protection of this hepatitis despited normal induction of IFN-gamma. Responsiveness to IFN-gamma was required for both hepatic macrophages and endothelial cells, which expressed tissue factor after Con A challenge. Thus, proinflammatory signal elicited by IFN-gamma in various liver cells is necessary for the development of Con A hepatitis.