Could human dental pulp stem cell be an alternative cell source for periodontal tissue regeneration of reimplanted tooth?

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In this study, we hypothesized that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) could possess the potential to convert to periodontal ligament cell-like cells. We isolated the cell population, which showed the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and multipotency to differentiate into various cell types, from human dental pulp tissue. We investigated the PDL-related gene expression in this cell population, which could be hDPSC, cultivated on bone slices or with recombinant TGF-beta1 addition. hDPSC cultured on bone slices for 2 weeks enhanced gene expression of Periostin, Col-1, alpha-SMA at the levels similar to PDLSC. Moreover, TGF-beta1 addition also upregulated these gene expression in hDPSC. These findings suggested that DPSCs contacting to bone tissue and stimulated with TGF-beta1 could convert to PDL-like cells. Although further studies are required to clarify the precise differentiation potential, hDPSC can be alternative cell source to regenerate PDL tissue efficiently.