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Knowledge on Trust? The Epistemology of Scientific Expert Testimony

关于信任的知识？

基本信息

批准号：
396775817
负责人：
Dr. Jon Leefmann
金额：
--
依托单位：
FAU Kompetenzzentrum für interdisziplinäre Wissenschaftsreflexion (ZIWIS)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/396775817?language=en
关键词：
Knowledge Trust Epistemology Scientific Expert

项目摘要

Social Epistemology is concerned with the manifold epistemic relations between different subjects of knowledge. One question central to this strand of research concerns knowledge acquisition from other´s testimony. The communicative relation between scientific experts and laypersons is a special case of testimony, which is important for understanding processes of knowledge transmission between science and the public and processes of knowledge-production in interdisciplinary research groups.Even though the testimony debate in Social Epistemology has brought about several suggestions how knowledge from testimony can be justified despite the hearer´s epistemic dependence, the specific question of how a layperson´s knowledge from expert testimony can be justified has gained only little and unsystematic attention in the literature.The proposed research project intends to explain how laypersons can gain scientific knowledge from expert testimony despite their epistemically asymmetric relation with scientific experts. Central to the investigation is the concept of epistemic trust. The proposed research project aims to explore, first, the nature of the layperson´s epistemic trust in expert knowledge as a special attitude taken towards the expert. Second, it will investigate what (if anything) makes epistemic trust a reliable method for knowledge acquisition under the specific conditions of the layperson-expert-relationship. Special emphasis will be put on the hypothesis that a layperson´s expert testimony based beliefs can only be justified, if the interpretation of expert testimony as a form of unilateral information transmission is abandoned in favor of a bilateral communication based approach.

社会认识论关注的是不同知识主体之间的多种认识关系。这一系列研究的核心问题之一是从他人的证词中获取知识。科学专家与外行之间的交流关系是证词的一个特殊情况，它对于理解科学与公众之间的知识传播过程以及跨学科研究群体中的知识生产过程具有重要意义。尽管社会认识论中的证词辩论已经提出了一些建议，如何在听者的认识依赖性的情况下证明来自证词的知识是合理的，摘要外行人如何从专家证词中获得科学知识的问题在文献中很少得到系统的关注，本研究计划试图解释外行人如何从专家证词中获得科学知识，尽管他们与科学专家之间存在认识上的不对称关系。调查的核心是认知信任的概念。建议的研究项目旨在探讨，第一，外行人的认识性信任的性质，在专家知识作为一种特殊的态度对待专家。其次，它将调查是什么（如果有的话）使认知信任的知识获取的一个可靠的方法在特定条件下的外行专家关系。特别强调的假设是，一个外行的专家证词为基础的信念只能是合理的，如果解释的专家证词作为一种形式的单方面信息传输被放弃，有利于双边通信为基础的方法。