The Marine Environmental Awareness. Knowledge, Media, and Politics of the Underwater Realm (1870 to 1980)

海洋环境意识。

• 批准号: 397100892
• 负责人: Dr. Franziska Torma
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/397100892?language=en
• 关键词: Marine; Environmental; Awareness.; Knowledge; Media

The image of the "Blue Marble" became a symbol of environmental protection and of a new planetary consciousness during the second half of the twentieth century. While it was the oceans' water which rendered this image blue, current environmental history still considers the emergence of an environmental awareness in a land-based way. The common road into the ecological era leads us through events on solid ground. The appearance of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring (1962), the oil crises (1973; 1979/1980), as well as the formation of the environmental movement in civil-society count as the indicators of a new awareness of nature's needs. In contrast to that narrative, this project develops the thesis that the marine biological research of the German Empire created the basic fundamentals of our current environmental awareness. These fundamentals include the concepts of "biocenosis", "ecology" and the "environment". The project's guiding question is how this specific knowledge of marine animals evolved into the broader understanding of the environment on a global scale. This issue is addressed through three themes. The first theme is the institutionalization of marine biology as a field of knowing and way of understanding the marine world between the 1870s and 1930s. The second core topic focuses on the emergence of film technologies between the 1920s and 1960s, their ways of making the underwater world visible as ecological systems and connecting marine animals to the human culture. The third theme concentrates on development politics as a heuristic laboratory. This theme demonstrates the shift that took place between the 1960s and 1980s and changed the ocean's meaning from a utopian resource reservoir to an asset deserving protection. The project transcends the boundaries of its more limited topic through three aspects. Firstly, the travelling marine biologists, network of global research stations and the resulting medial, economic and political connections put processes of globalization during the 19th and 20th century on the agenda. This longue durée perspective completes the hitherto existing emphasis of German global history that lies on the times of the Empire. Secondly, marine biology as a form of knowing the marine life brings animals as part of the environment to the fore, whereas the human relationship with nature has occupied environmental history until now. Thirdly, it has to be considered if the ocean as a fluid historical space and emerging new field of knowledge offers innovative methodological potential for environmental history, the history of science and modern history in general.

在二十世纪下半叶，“蓝色大理石”的形象成为环境保护和新行星意识的象征。虽然这幅图是海水染成蓝色的，但当前的环境史仍然认为环境意识是以陆地为基础的。进入生态时代的共同道路，引导我们在坚实的基础上通过事件。雷切尔·卡森的《寂静的春天》（1962年）的出版，石油危机（1973年；1979/1980年），以及民间社会环境运动的形成，都标志着人们对自然需求的新认识。与此相反，该项目发展了德意志帝国的海洋生物研究为我们当前的环境意识创造了基本基础的论点。这些基础包括“生物群落”、“生态学”和“环境”的概念。该项目的指导问题是，这些关于海洋动物的特定知识如何演变成对全球范围内环境的更广泛理解。这个问题通过三个主题来解决。第一个主题是在19世纪70年代到30年代之间，海洋生物学作为一个认识和理解海洋世界的领域的制度化。第二个核心主题关注20世纪20年代至60年代电影技术的出现，它们将水下世界作为生态系统呈现出来，并将海洋动物与人类文化联系起来。第三个主题集中于作为启发式实验室的发展政治。这一主题展示了发生在20世纪60年代至80年代之间的转变，并将海洋的意义从乌托邦式的资源水库转变为值得保护的资产。该项目通过三个方面超越了其更有限的主题的界限。首先，旅行的海洋生物学家、全球研究站网络以及由此产生的医疗、经济和政治联系，将19世纪和20世纪的全球化进程提上了议程。这种长期的视角完成了迄今为止对德意志全球历史的强调，即帝国时代。其次，海洋生物学作为了解海洋生物的一种形式，使动物作为环境的一部分脱颖而出，而人类与自然的关系迄今为止一直占据着环境史。第三，必须考虑到海洋作为一个流动的历史空间和新兴的知识领域是否为环境史、科学史和一般现代史提供了创新的方法论潜力。