Cultural and racial anthropology in stone.Photographic recording of ancient Egyptian representations of humans and the ethnohistorical cartography of the ancient world in the 19th and early 20th centuries

石头中的文化和种族人类学。古埃及人类形象的摄影记录以及 19 世纪和 20 世纪初古代世界的民族历史制图

• 批准号: 397354083
• 负责人: Dr. Felix Wiedemann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Altorientalistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/397354083?language=en
• 关键词: Cultural; racial; anthropology; stone.Photographic; recording

The planned research will investigate the production, circulation and interpretation history of photographs of ancient representations of humans in ancient studies and life sciences scholarship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and will inquire into the epistemic function of the photographs. Assuming that the physical appearance of the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean region and the Middle East could be directly derived from the monuments of Ancient Egypt, archaeologists and anthropologists produced cartographies of ethnic and racial history, associating the ancient representations of humans with modern populations. The research will focus on the self-evidence of the photographs in this context, or rather, the creation of self-evidence using photographs.Two photographic archaeological expeditions, separated by a period of about 25 years, provide both point of departure and fulcrum for the analysis: the 1886/87 research voyage by the British archaeologist Flinders Petrie "Racial Photographs from the Egyptian Monuments" and the 1912/13 "Expedition nach Ägypten zur Erforschung der Darstellungen der Fremdvölker" organised by Eduard Meyer, the German ancient historian. Whereas earlier copies and photographs of ancient human representations had not been made specifically for the purpose of identifying peoples or anthropological interpretation, these two expeditions did set out to serve just those purposes. A dense description of the two expeditions that relates them to the technological and methodological advances and ideological beliefs that made them possible will enable the contexts of the production and use of individual photographs to be traced from the time the photographs were taken through to their circulation in publications of the late 19th and early 20th century.To permit an understanding of the epistemic assumptions that underlay these expeditions, the research will place the images claims to self-evidence in a broader history-of-knowledge context, reconstructing the history of the anthropological reading of relevant objects. The visual positivism on which the interpretations are based will require particular attention in this context, as will the typological function ascribed to the ancient human representations. It will also be necessary to consider the emerging doubts about the racial anthropological reading: after all, the images of ancient depictions of human beings were no longer able to developing unqualified self-evidence in certain contexts in the early 20th century.

计划中的研究将调查19世纪末和20世纪初古代研究和生命科学奖学金中古代人类画像照片的生产，流通和解释历史，并将探讨照片的认知功能。假设东地中海地区和中东人民的外表可以直接来自古埃及的古迹，考古学家和人类学家制作了民族和种族历史的地图，将古代人类的代表与现代人口联系起来。这项研究将集中在照片的自我证据，或者更确切地说，使用照片创造自我证据。两个摄影考古探险队，相隔约25年，为分析提供了出发点和支点：1886/87年英国考古学家弗林德斯·皮特里的研究航行“来自埃及古迹的种族照片”和1912/13年的“Expedition nach Ägypten zur Erforschung der Darstellungen der Fremdvölker“Expedition nach Ägypten zur Erforschung der Darstellungen der Fremdvölker”由德国古代历史学家Eduard Meyer组织。尽管早期的古人类画像的复制品和照片并不是专门为了识别民族或人类学解释而制作的，但这两次探险确实是为了这些目的。通过对这两次探险的详细描述，将它们与技术和方法的进步以及使它们成为可能的意识形态信仰联系起来，将使个人照片的生产和使用的背景能够从照片拍摄到它们在世纪末和20世纪初的出版物中流通的时间追溯出来。通过考察，研究将把图像的自我证据置于更广泛的知识史背景下，重建人类学阅读相关对象的历史。在这种情况下，解释所依据的视觉实证主义需要特别注意，古代人类表征的类型学功能也需要特别注意。还有必要考虑对种族人类学阅读的新出现的怀疑：毕竟，在世纪初，人类的古代肖像在某些背景下不再能够发展出不合格的自我证据。