Order and Correlations in Asymmetric Superfluid Matter

不对称超流体物质的秩序和相关性

• 批准号: 397679592
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jens Braun
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Strong Interactions and Ultracold Atoms
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/397679592?language=en
• 关键词: Order; Correlations; Asymmetric; Superfluid; Matter

Matter can behave in exotic, seemingly paradoxical ways. Take for instance the superfluid state: a state where matter conducts heat with infinite efficiency. A close relative is the superconducting state, in which materials conduct electricity without resistance. Both of these have now found their way into applications: cooling systems via superfluids and strong magnetic fields via superconductors. One of the most exciting open questions today is: Can superfluids be driven to ``crystallization" and can such a state be realized under extreme conditions as found in compact stars?Quantum particles are either bosons or fermions. Experiments with ultracold atoms indicate that so-called bosonic supercrystals may indeed exist. The possibility of fermionic supercrystals has also been intensely discussed for many years. While their realization remains elusive, it is of great interest to high-energy physics and astrophysics: for example, a crystalline color superconductor may be realized in the dense quark matter of compact stars.Currently, the most promising way to observe and analyze this exotic state of matter is via ultracold fermionic atoms. Corresponding experiments provide a clean environment to test our understanding of the formation of condensates and structure in the strongly interacting systems where supercrystals may form. Interestingly, ultracold gases of fermions share some important features with nuclear matter as well as with dense quark matter, in spite of their differences in orders of magnitude in density and temperature. The goal of this project is to exploit techniques developed intensively in the past years in the field of the theory of the strong interaction in order to elucidate, from first principles and in detail, the existence and properties of supercrystals in polarized fermionic matter under extreme conditions as modeled by ultracold gases of fermions.

物质可以以奇特的、看似矛盾的方式表现。以超流体状态为例：一种物质以无限效率传导热量的状态。与超导状态密切相关的是材料无电阻导电的超导状态。这两种技术现在都已进入应用领域：通过超流体冷却系统和通过超导体产生强磁场。当今最令人兴奋的开放问题之一是：超流体能否被驱动到“结晶”状态，以及这种状态能否在致密恒星中发现的极端条件下实现？量子粒子要么是玻色子，要么是费米子。用超冷原子进行的实验表明，所谓的玻色子超晶体可能确实存在。费米子超晶体的可能性也被热烈讨论了许多年。虽然它们的实现仍然难以捉摸，但它对高能物理学和天体物理学具有极大的兴趣：例如，在致密恒星的稠密夸克物质中可能实现晶体彩色超导体。目前，观察和分析这种奇异物质状态最有希望的方法是通过超冷费米子原子。相应的实验提供了一个干净的环境来测试我们对超晶体可能形成的强相互作用系统中凝聚物的形成和结构的理解。有趣的是，费米子的超冷气体与核物质以及致密的夸克物质有一些重要的共同特征，尽管它们在密度和温度上存在数量级的差异。该项目的目标是利用近年来在强相互作用理论领域中发展起来的技术，从第一性原理和细节上阐明在极端条件下极化费米子物质中超晶体的存在和性质，如费米子的超冷气体所模拟的那样。