Processes of imparting and acquisition in museums – Types of pedagogical communication in personal guided tours in different museum types

虽然博物馆的教育任务已经强调了四十多年，但在私人导游博物馆参观中，很少探索（知识）传授和获取/占有的过程。计划中的研究项目将研究如何从概念上设计成人导游，在导游中可以观察到哪些传授操作，哪些学习过程是由这些操作意图和实现的，以及它们为游客带来哪些（认知、动机、社会）体验。在第一项研究中，将对持有不同类型资格的导游进行专家访谈，目的是确定个人导览博物馆的不同概念。在第二项研究中，将通过参与式观察和问卷调查分析（知识）传授和获取/占有的过程以及游客体验。因此，将采用关于指南及其概念的对比方法。以系统论为基础的“教学交际”概念将为研究提供理论框架。该项目将导致（知识）传授和获取/占有的结构在个人导游博物馆的背景下的规范和区分。该项目的目的是确定在有导游的博物馆参观中教学交流的特点和不同的教学知识传授类型，以及它们对游客的（潜在）教育影响。

Although the educational task of museums has been emphasized for over four decades, processes of (knowledge) imparting and acquisition/appropriation in personal guided museum tours are rarely explored. The planned research project will examine, how guided tours for adults are conceptually designed, which imparting operations can be observed in the guides, which learning processes are intended and enabled by these operations, and in which (cognitive, motivational, social) experiences they result for the visitors. In a first study, expert interviews with guides holding different types of qualifications will be conducted with the aim of identifying different concepts of personal guided museum tours. In a second study processes of (knowledge) imparting and acquisition/appropriation as well as visitor experiences will be analyzed through participatory observations and questionnaire surveys. Therefore a contrastive approach concerning the guides and their concepts will be used. The concept of “pedagogical communication”, a concept based on system theory, will provide the theoretical framework for the research. The project will result in a specification and differentiation of the constructs of (knowledge-)imparting and acquisition/appropriation in the context of personal guided museum tours. Aim of the project is to identify characteristic features of pedagogical communication and different pedagogical types of knowledge-impartation in the context of guided museum tours, as well as their (potential) educational impact on visitors.