Aesthetics of Stucco and Tiles. Archaeometric and Art Historical Perspectives on Architectural Decoration in Iran, 11th-14th centuries

灰泥、瓷砖护岸和壁画被认为是伊斯兰伊朗建筑装饰的典型组合，主要在塞尔柱和伊尔哈尼时期(11-14美分)发展起来。拟议的研究项目聚焦于伊朗不同地区的40座建筑，旨在通过考古测量方法确定室内装饰的技术特征。在此基础上，对艺术史的功能、美学和意义等问题进行了探讨，并对遗产保护方面进行了探讨。该项目提出了第一个系统研究，旨在更深入地了解中世纪伊朗建筑护岸的艺术技术和美学，基于大规模考古分析收集的数据(X射线衍射仪、拉曼、FORS、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱和PLM、汞孔隙率、化学和岩石学分析)。研究的初步基础包括源自公元前40年的塞尔朱和伊尔哈尼德灰泥，以及几个博物馆藏品。分析的结果将结合碑文和艺术史料进行讨论，以便根据历史背景评估装饰群体的美学原则，并最终有助于研究中世纪伊朗的建筑装饰。除了艺术史的角度外，遗产保护问题不仅与研究(关于原貌的结论)有关，而且与成果的使用(未来的保护)有关。拟议项目的范围和特点部分可与古典考古中多色美学研究领域的成果相媲美。

Ensembles of stucco, tile revetment and wall painting, considered typical of architectural decoration in Islamic Iran, developed mainly during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods (11th-14th cent.). Focusing on forty structures in various regions of Iran, the proposed research project aims at identifying technical features of interior decoration with archaeometric methods. On this basis, art historical questions of the function, aesthetics and meaning will be discussed, and aspects of heritage conservation can be addressed. This project proposes the first systematic research designed to achieve a deeper understanding of artistic techniques and aesthetics of architectural revetment in medieval Iran, based on data gathered with large scale archaeometric analyses (XRD, µXRF, Raman, FORS, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and PLM, HG Porosometry, chemical and petrographic analyses). The preliminary basis of research consists of Seljuk and Ilkhanid stuccos originating from c. forty structures and several museum collections. Results of the analyses will be discussed in conjunction with epigraphic and art historical material, in order to assess aesthetic principles of the decorative ensembles with regard to their historical context, and ultimately contribute to an “iconography” of architectural decoration in medieval Iran. Aside from the art historical perspective, questions of heritage conservation will be relevant not only for the research (conclusions on original appearance), but also for the use of the results (future preservation). The scope and characteristics of the proposed project are partially comparable to achievements in the field of the studies of polychrome aesthetics in Classical Archaeology.