Writing as Intermediary. Text-image relations in early modern Islamic cultures

作为中介写作。

• 批准号: 344870700
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Lorenz Korn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Islamische Kunstgeschichte und Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/344870700?language=en
• 关键词: Writing; Intermediary.; Text; image; relations

The tension between the prohibition of images, based on religious arguments, and the handling of figural representations in the secular sphere of Islamic culture has triggered a number of recent studies that have begun to elucidate the character of images under the auspices of the pictorial turn, visual culture studies, and Bildwissenschaft. While an extended notion of "image" is asserting itself in this discussion, the part that calligraphy played in this context requires further research. The present proposal aims at exploring the ambiguous, even hybrid, character of Islamic-Arabic calligraphy between text and image. It deals with two aspects of calligraphy, with a focus on early modernity. First, the potential that Muslim authors, and, by the same token, calligraphers themselves, attributed to calligraphy in terms of aesthetics and virtue, is to be fathomed in Arabic and Persian sources from the 15th-17th centuries. Calligraphic handbooks and albums, as well as biographies of calligraphers, can yield new insight into the way in which religious norms were negotiated and shaped into artistic creations. They can inform us about the way in which artists and their patrons were thinking, and how religious concepts formed a background for calligraphic art. Second, the innovation of the hilye single-leaf graphic as a characteristic product of Ottoman piety and calligraphy in the late 17th century requires explanations in several respects. An analysis of various hilyes, as well as additional textual and visual material, will address questions of norms and variation, the preferences along which the textual substance and graphic form of the hilye developed, and the socio-religious context that framed this development and use. The study is based on previous studiest in various fields of Islamic art. While the materials and methods of both parts of the project are partly complementary to each other, both will be dealing with very similar questions about the iconic character of calligraphy and its graphic arrangement, and the way in which religious statements about art were valued, delimited or negotiated. Besides, the historical anchoring of both parts of the study will form a basis to discuss the question to what degree the development of calligraphy can be linked with general conditions of "Islamic" culture, or how it was tied to specific historic situations. Besides, the questions of individual artists will be discussed, with regard to the part that the theoretical discourse on calligraphy attributes to them, but also on examples of innovation in the development of the hilye. In sum, the analysis of calligraphic literature and the calli-graphic works of the hilye is meant to fill some existing gaps in the study of Islamic visual culture, and to contribute to a history of the gaze in the Ottoman empire and in neighbouring cultures of early modern Islam.

基于宗教论点的图像禁令与伊斯兰文化世俗领域中的图形表征处理之间的紧张关系引发了一些最近的研究，这些研究已经开始在图像转向，视觉文化研究和Bildwissenschaft的主持下阐明图像的特征。虽然在这一讨论中，“图像”的概念得到了扩展，但书法在这一背景下所起的作用还需要进一步研究。本提案旨在探讨伊斯兰-阿拉伯书法在文字和图像之间的模糊性，甚至是混合性。它涉及书法的两个方面，重点是早期现代性。第一，穆斯林作家以及书法家自己在美学和美德方面赋予书法的潜力，可以在15 - 17世纪的阿拉伯和波斯文献中找到。书法手册和画册以及书法家的传记可以使人们对宗教规范是如何谈判和塑造成艺术创作的有新的认识。它们可以告诉我们艺术家和他们的赞助人是如何思考的，宗教观念是如何形成书法艺术的背景的。第二，作为世纪晚期奥斯曼帝国虔诚和书法的典型产物，希利叶单页图形的创新需要从几个方面进行解释。对各种hilye的分析，以及额外的文本和视觉材料，将解决规范和变化的问题，hilye的文本内容和图形形式发展的偏好沿着，以及构建这种发展和使用的社会宗教背景。该研究基于伊斯兰艺术各个领域的先前研究。虽然项目的两个部分的材料和方法在一定程度上是互补的，但两者都将处理非常相似的问题，即书法的标志性特征及其图形安排，以及宗教对艺术的评价，划界或谈判的方式。此外，这两部分研究的历史锚定将形成一个基础，讨论书法的发展在多大程度上可以与“伊斯兰”文化的一般条件相联系，或者它是如何与特定的历史情况相联系的问题。此外，还将讨论个别艺术家的问题，关于书法理论话语归属于他们的部分，以及在hilye发展中创新的例子。总之，书法文学和hilye书法作品的分析是为了填补伊斯兰视觉文化研究中的一些现有空白，并有助于奥斯曼帝国和早期现代伊斯兰教邻近文化的凝视历史。