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Cretaceous origin of tropical rainforest in Africa and the Levant and the implications for modern climate predictions

非洲和黎凡特热带雨林的白垩纪起源及其对现代气候预测的影响

基本信息

批准号：
399895065
负责人：
Dr. Clément Coiffard
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/399895065?language=en
关键词：
Cretaceous origin tropical rainforest Africa

项目摘要

Modern tropical rain forests (TRF) are one of the most important and species rich biomes on the planet. Rainforest environments have an enormous impact on the global water and heat circulation and play therefore a major role in the water distribution and the rainfall patterns . Fossil TRF, characterized by their physiognomy (e.g. broad entire-margined leaves with drip tips), climate proxies and high diversity, usually about 25 sp. in a single quarry (as well as in a single modern TRF leaf litter sample) and more than 100 sp. in a regional assemblage, have not been identified so far before the latest Cretaceous (ca 72 Myr ago). Nevertheless, fossil calibrated phylogenies of TRF clades point to a much older origin of this biome, at the beginning of the late Cretaceous (100 Myr ago).Our study of late Cretaceous North Gondwanan floras will be based on material from Egypt, Sudan and Israel, which as noted above are key to understanding the origin of modern TRF. Rich collections from these areas, originally from the TU Berlin but now in the collections of the MfN. In spite of the published description of some floras, most of the material is unpublished. In addition to this material, the National Natural History Collections of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem house two collections and new material has benn recently collected from Egypt.Several clues make us confident that we will discover true rainforests. Among the fossil leaves, a rich assemblage of monocots is currently described and include Araceae closely related to modern taro and philodendron plants, living in tropical rainforests. Secondly the paleoprecipitation reconstructed for floras from Egypt and Sudan indicate an increase between the uppermost Lower Cretaceous (Mean Annual Precipitation ca 1500mm) and the latest Cretaceous (Mean Annual Precipitation ca 2000mm) with at least one drought episode (ca 800 mm). Furthermore, the overall physiognomy, mean size, shape and consistency of the leaves of some of the floras resembles modern rainforests. In order to understand the origin of the TRF vegetation which is so crucial to our world climate, we have to study new material from an area where rainforest might have had its origin, namely North Gondwana. Climate conditions at this time have to be worked out much more thoroughly, especially with the aim to understand in which climate regime this tropical rainforest biome can exist. The reconstruction of this scenario might help to predict the disappearance of tropical rainforest due to future climate change when low latitudes might suffer the loss of this biome.

现代热带雨林是地球上最重要、物种最丰富的生物群落之一。雨林环境对全球水热循环有着巨大的影响，因此在水分分布和降雨模式中发挥着重要作用。化石TRF的特征是其外貌（例如，宽的全缘叶，有滴水尖端）、气候指标和高度多样性，通常在一个采石场（以及一个现代TRF落叶样品）中约有25种，在一个区域组合中超过100种，在白垩纪晚期（约7200万年前）之前尚未确定。尽管如此，TRF分支的化石校准的同源性指向这个生物群系的更古老的起源，在晚白垩世的开始（1亿年前）。我们对晚白垩世北冈瓦纳植物群的研究将基于来自埃及，苏丹和以色列的材料，如上所述，这是理解现代TRF起源的关键。这些地区的丰富收藏品，最初来自柏林工业大学，但现在在MfN的收藏中。尽管一些植物区系的描述已发表，但大部分材料未发表。除了这些材料，耶路撒冷希伯来大学的国家自然历史收藏馆收藏了两件藏品，最近从埃及收集到了新的材料。在化石叶中，目前描述了丰富的单子叶植物组合，包括与现代芋头和喜林芋植物密切相关的天南星科，生活在热带雨林中。第二，从埃及和苏丹植物群重建的古降水量表明，最早的下白垩统（平均年降水量约1500毫米）和最晚的白垩纪（平均年降水量约2000毫米）之间的增加，至少有一个干旱事件（约800毫米）。此外，一些植物群的整体外貌、平均大小、形状和叶子的一致性类似于现代雨林。为了了解扶轮基金会植被的起源，这对我们的世界气候至关重要，我们必须研究来自一个地区的新材料，这个地区可能是热带雨林的起源，即北冈瓦纳。此时的气候条件必须更彻底地研究出来，特别是为了了解这种热带雨林生物群落可以存在的气候状况。这一情景的重建可能有助于预测热带雨林的消失，由于未来的气候变化时，低纬度地区可能遭受这种生物群落的损失。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

When and Why Nature Gained Angiosperms

DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-35058-1_5
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
J. Kvaček;C. Coiffard;M. Gandolfo;A. Herman;J. Legrand;M. Mendes;H. Nishida;Sun Ge;Hongshan Wang
通讯作者：
J. Kvaček;C. Coiffard;M. Gandolfo;A. Herman;J. Legrand;M. Mendes;H. Nishida;Sun Ge;Hongshan Wang

Cretaceous tropical Alismatales in Africa: diversity, climate and evolution

非洲白垩纪热带泽泻目：多样性、气候和进化