The Pre-History of Kant’s Non-Evidentialism

康德非证据主义的前史

• 批准号: 400342608
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Marcus Willaschek, since 12/2019
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze dellEducazione
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/400342608?language=en
• 关键词: Pre; History; Kant; Non; Evidentialism

Immanuel Kant is considered one of the chief figures in the history of non-evidentialism. As it is commonly understood, this view maintains that it is sometimes rationally permissible to hold a belief even though one lacks decisive evidence for its truth. Although Kant has always been regarded as a non-evidentialist of some sort, it is only recently that Kant scholars have analysed his position in detail, demonstrating its richness and contemporary relevance. Yet scholars have failed to consider the extent to which Kant’s non-evidentialism was influenced by views on non-epistemic justification which were defended by some of his predecessors and contemporaries. This gap in the literature must be filled, since these views can in fact illuminate Kant’s position in many respects. Therefore, the project aims to analyse the debates concerning practical, non-epistemic grounds for belief in 18th-century Germany prior to Kant. These debates are interesting not only because they can open up new perspectives on Kant, but also because 18th-century German philosophers devised complex and original accounts of practical grounds for belief that are far richer in detail than other more famous proposals. Moreover, the project will shed light on an application of practical, non-epistemic grounds for belief that was not discussed by Kant, that is, the appeal to practical grounds for belief for cognitions that are based on testimonial evidence. The objectives of the project are thus: (Obj1) to investigate discussions concerning practical, non-epistemic grounds for belief in the context of accounts of probable cognition in 18th-century Germany prior to Kant; and (Obj2) to shed light on debates regarding the legitimacy of these grounds for the special case of cognition obtained through testimony, taking into account the different ways in which this problem was applied in the disciplines of history, jurisprudence and hermeneutics.

伊曼努尔·康德被认为是非证据主义历史上的主要人物之一。正如人们普遍理解的那样，这种观点认为，即使一个人缺乏证明其真实性的决定性证据，有时在理性上也允许持有一种信念。尽管康德一直被认为是某种形式的非证据主义者，但直到最近，康德学者才详细分析了他的立场，展示了其丰富性和当代意义。然而，学者们未能考虑康德的非证据主义在多大程度上受到他的一些前辈和同时代人所捍卫的非认识论辩护观点的影响。文献中的这个空白必须被填补，因为这些观点实际上可以在很多方面阐明康德的立场。因此，该项目旨在分析康德之前的 18 世纪德国有关实际、非认识论信仰基础的争论。这些辩论很有趣，不仅因为它们可以为康德开辟新的视角，还因为 18 世纪的德国哲学家对信仰的实践基础设计了复杂而原创的描述，其细节比其他更著名的提议要丰富得多。此外，该项目将阐明康德没有讨论过的实际的、非认知的信念基础的应用，即诉诸基于见证证据的认知的实际信念基础。因此，该项目的目标是：（Obj1）在康德之前的 18 世纪德国的可能认知描述背景下，调查有关实际的、非认知的信仰基础的讨论； （Obj2）阐明关于通过证词获得的认知的特殊情况的这些理由的合法性的辩论，考虑到这个问题在历史、法学和解释学学科中应用的不同方式。