Irrigations in Sandy Soil Regions that Utilize Brackish Water
沙土地区利用微咸水的灌溉
基本信息
- 批准号:58860040
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 5.44万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:日本
- 项目类别:Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
- 财政年份:1983
- 资助国家:日本
- 起止时间:1983 至 1985
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In the tropics, one year is generally devided into two halves; wet and dry seasons. Severe shortage of irrigation water is commonly observed in the dry season.If we could get sufficient amount of irrigation water then agricultural production could be done even in the dry season because the other conditions as the degree of temperature and the amount of solar radiation are all satisfied already in the tropics.A few million hectares of sandy salt-affected soil are distributed in the inland region of Thailand(North East Thailand). There, salt crusts are formed on top of the soil surface in the dry season and the land becomes unsuitable for agricultural use. This is one of the most typical examples of the phenomena in the dry season. Even in this kind of dry land, very often, we find rather shallow(usually 1m to 2m deep) under ground water, which quantity is large. However, the quality of the water is usually very low because high concentration of salt(ex. 1% NaCl) is contained in it, thus … More the water is brackish. Brackish water is, of course, unsuitable for irrigation because of its high concentration of salt.On the other hand, in fine days of the dry season, there are prenty of solar radiation in the day time and it becomes cooler in the night. So, there is a fair chance to obtain good quality of water by distilling the brackish water using the solar energy and the temperature diference.The distillation system, however, should not be expensive but should be appropriate for the agricultural use. In this range, some trials of the distillation of water have been carried out using simple small vinyl houses. As a result, 1 to 2 liters/ <m^2> of high quality(10 ppm=0.001% of salt concentration) water were obtained in a day from brackish under-ground water which contained about 1%of salt and located at the depth of 1.5m from the ground level. Therefore, this method is suitable in obtaining fair amount of good quality water from brackish water in the tropics.It has long been said that if soil is separated from under ground water by a horizontal air gap then the vapor movement in the air gap will show unidirectionality(upward); when water is warmer than soil, vapor moves from water to soil easily because the air gap has instability of density distribution. However, when soil is warmer than water, vapor will not move so easily because the air in the gap will be stable in the distribution of air density.Corresponding to this supposition, an experimental apparatus has been made and the idea has been tested. Under the conditions that water and soil temperatures are 30 ゜C and 20 ゜C, respectively, about 0.3mm/day of distillation has been observed. Although this amount is a little bit smaller than the theoretical value, it does not contradict each other considering the other accompanying conditions. Therefore, using a horizontal air gap, salt accumulation can be avoided and good quality water is obtained at the lowest part of the overlying soil layer. But the quantity of thus obtained water is much smaller than vinyl house method.An idea of "Subirrigation by pressurized injection of water into soil" has been newly presented in order to use the smallest amount of good quality water most efficiently in the dry season. The relationship between the applied water pressure and the volume of injected water has been obtained numerically to use it in the future application of the new idea. Less
在热带地区,一年通常被分为两个部分:雨季和旱季。旱季灌溉水严重短缺。如果我们能获得足够的灌溉水,那么即使在旱季也可以进行农业生产,因为热带地区的气温和太阳辐射量等其他条件都已经满足。泰国内陆地区(泰国东北部)分布着数百万公顷受沙盐影响的土壤。在那里,旱季的土壤表面会形成盐垢,土地变得不适合农业用途。这是旱季现象最典型的例子之一。即使在这种干燥的土地上,我们也经常会发现地下水很浅(通常是1米到2米深),数量很大。然而,水质通常很低,因为盐浓度很高(例如。1%的氯化钠),因此…更重要的是,水是苦咸的。当然,咸水不适合灌溉,因为它的含盐量很高。另一方面,在旱季的晴天,白天有数十次太阳辐射,晚上变得更凉爽。因此,利用太阳能和温差蒸馏苦咸水,获得优质水的机会是公平的。然而,蒸馏系统不应昂贵,而应适合农业用途。在这个范围内,已经用简单的小型乙烯基室进行了一些水的蒸馏试验。结果表明,从距地面1.5m深处含盐量约1%的微咸水中,一天内可获得1~2升/m^2优质水(10ppm=盐分浓度的0.001%)。因此,这种方法适用于从热带微咸水中获取相当数量的优质水。长期以来,人们一直认为,如果用水平气隙将土壤与地下水分开,那么气隙中的水蒸气运动将呈现单向(向上);当水比土壤热时,由于气隙具有密度分布的不稳定性,水蒸气容易从水中移动到土壤中。然而,当土壤比水热时,水蒸气就不会那么容易移动,因为缝隙内的空气在空气密度分布上是稳定的。在水温和地温分别为30゜C和20゜C的条件下,观察到约0.3 mm/d的蒸馏。虽然这个量比理论值略小,但考虑到其他伴随条件,它并不矛盾。因此,利用水平气隙,可以避免盐分积聚,并在上覆土层的最低部分获得优质水。但这样获得的水量比乙烯基室法小得多。为了在旱季最有效地利用最小数量的优质水,提出了“土壤加压注水亚灌”的概念。通过数值计算得到了外加水压与注水量之间的关系,为以后的应用提供了新的思路。较少
项目成果
期刊论文数量(12)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Resume for the Annual Meeting of Environmental Control in Biology. (1985)
生物学环境控制年会简历。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
Resume of Symposium by the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering. (1985)
日本灌溉、排水和垦殖工程学会研讨会的简历。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
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{{ truncateString('SUGI Jiro', 18)}}的其他基金
Applied Sudies on Environment and Physiology of Mangrove Forests in Estury Areas of Southeast Asia
东南亚河口地区红树林环境与生理的应用研究
- 批准号:
62043072 - 财政年份:1984
- 资助金额:
$ 5.44万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
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