Development of stone-disintegrater for upper urinary tract calculi using focused underwater shock waves

我们研究了高压火花或微爆炸产生的水下冲击波聚焦对体外肾结石崩解的作用，得到了以下结果。叠氮化铅球团产生的冲击波与高压电火花产生的冲击波具有相同的聚焦方式。聚焦冲击波可轻松分解取出的人结石或模型结石。将提取的人类结石或模型结石植入活狗肾脏，将结石对准椭球反射镜的聚焦区域。冲击波是由10mg叠氮化铅颗粒在反射镜内微爆炸产生的。结石在肾脏内崩解，未损伤包括肾脏在内的腹部脏器，除检查外，镜检证实。在动物实验的基础上，利用样机进行了临床应用。从1985年4月至1986年2月，我们对100例结石患者应用体外微爆碎石术（EML）。结果满意，结石崩解成功率达95%以上。为了使系统广泛、方便地使用，有必要对系统进行改进。在这方面，还需要进一步调查。

We studied on the focusing of underwater shock wave, generated by high voltage sparks, or microexplosions, for the purpose of extra corporeal renal stone disintegration, and obtained following results.1. The shock wave generated by explosive material, lead azide pellet, could be focused in the same manner as the shock wave generated by high voltage sparks. The focused shock wave disintegrated extracted human calculi, or model calculi without difficulty.2. Either extracted human calculus or model calculus was implanted in a living dog kidney, and the calculus was targeted at the focus area of an ellipsoidal reflector. The shock waves were generated by microexplosions of lead azide pellet of 10mg, inside the reflector. The calculus was disintegrated in the kidney without damaging abdominal organs, including the kidney, which was confirmed by microscopic examination, in addition to the inspection.3. Following to the animal experimets, the clinical applications were performed using a proto-type of disintegrator. From April, 1985 to February, 1986, we applied the method, extracorporeal microexplosive lithotripsy (EML), to 100 stone-patients. The results were satisfactory, the success rate of stone disintegration was more than 95 %.Improvements of the system are necessary to its wide and easy use. In this regard, further investigations are also required.