Development of stone-disintegrater for upper urinary tract calculi using focused underwater shock waves

本文研究了高压电火花或微爆炸产生的水下冲击波的聚焦作用，以达到体外碎石的目的，并取得了以下结果.爆炸材料叠氮化铅丸产生的冲击波可以以与高压火花产生的冲击波相同的方式聚焦。聚焦冲击波对人体结石或模型结石的粉碎无困难.将提取的人结石或模型结石植入活体狗肾中，并将结石对准椭球反射镜的焦点区域。冲击波由10 mg叠氮化铅小球在反射器内微爆炸产生。结石在肾脏内崩解，未损伤包括肾脏在内的腹部器官，除检查外，还通过显微镜检查证实。在动物实验之后，使用原型粉碎机进行临床应用。1985年4月至1986年2月，我们应用体外微爆碎石术（EML）治疗结石100例。碎石成功率达95%以上，效果满意。在这方面，还需要进一步调查。

We studied on the focusing of underwater shock wave, generated by high voltage sparks, or microexplosions, for the purpose of extra corporeal renal stone disintegration, and obtained following results.1. The shock wave generated by explosive material, lead azide pellet, could be focused in the same manner as the shock wave generated by high voltage sparks. The focused shock wave disintegrated extracted human calculi, or model calculi without difficulty.2. Either extracted human calculus or model calculus was implanted in a living dog kidney, and the calculus was targeted at the focus area of an ellipsoidal reflector. The shock waves were generated by microexplosions of lead azide pellet of 10mg, inside the reflector. The calculus was disintegrated in the kidney without damaging abdominal organs, including the kidney, which was confirmed by microscopic examination, in addition to the inspection.3. Following to the animal experimets, the clinical applications were performed using a proto-type of disintegrator. From April, 1985 to February, 1986, we applied the method, extracorporeal microexplosive lithotripsy (EML), to 100 stone-patients. The results were satisfactory, the success rate of stone disintegration was more than 95 %.Improvements of the system are necessary to its wide and easy use. In this regard, further investigations are also required.