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The Study on Local Scouving during Flood Time in Alluvial River Channel and Design Method of Stable Channel by Considering Local Scour

冲积河道洪水期局部冲刷研究及考虑局部冲刷的稳定河道设计方法

基本信息

批准号：
60850102
负责人：
KIKKAWA Hideo
金额：
$ 7.68万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is an important matter to raise the safty level of flood protection. For this aim , the hydraulic behaviers of the flow and sediment during flood time should be disclosed. In this study,the following 4 main themes are investigated.(1) Local attack to the embankment by flood current:The fundamental equation of shallow open channel flow is applied to the actual river channels and the flow regime is investigated successfully. The local attack forces are investigated based on the hydraulic tests by using jetties,and the features of shear stresses on the revetments can be estimated.(2) Lateral sediment transport in the river cannel:In the bend of river the amount of lateral sediment transport is fatal to the river bed stability and also to the strength of the revetment.This problem is studied by theoretical consideration based on the secondary current theory in the bend, and the result obtained is verified by the experimental results. The theory is also applied to the heterogeneous bed material condition. As a result, the guide line for the protection of local scour in the bends can be obtained.(3) Sand waves:The phenomenon of sand waves is investigated from the view points of its generation and development by flume experiment. The changes of roughness and sediment transport due to sand waves are made clear in order tro design the stable rive channel.(4) Hyudraulics of rovetment:The shear stresses acting on side walls of channels are investigated by measuring fluid forces exerted on the rough walls in the laboratory flumes. The results obtained are usefull for the design of revetments.By synthesizing the above results, the practical criteria to design stable cannels in the alluvial rivers can be offered from the hydraulic view point.

提高防洪安全水平是一个重要问题。为此，应披露洪水期间水流和泥沙的水力特性。在本研究中，主要探讨了以下四个主题。(1)洪水对堤岸的局部冲击：将浅水明渠水流基本方程应用于实际河道，成功地研究了水流流态。通过码头水工试验，研究了局部冲击力，估算了护岸上的剪应力特征。(2)河道横向输沙问题：河道弯曲处的横向输沙量对河床稳定性和护岸强度都是至关重要的，本文根据弯曲处的二次流理论，对这一问题进行了理论探讨，并得到了试验结果的验证。该理论也适用于非均质床料条件。从而得出弯道局部冲刷防护的指导线。(3)沙波：通过水槽实验，从沙波的产生和发展的角度研究沙波现象。为了设计稳定的河道，明确了沙波作用下糙率和输沙率的变化。(4)水力学研究：通过在实验室水槽中测量作用在粗糙壁上的流体力，研究作用在渠道侧壁上的剪应力。所得结果可供护岸工程设计参考，综合以上结果，可从水力学角度为冲积河流中稳定渠道的设计提供实用准则。