DEVELOPMENT OF A ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM CHAMBERF TGO FACILITATE DEEP-ETCHING PREPARATION FOR BIOLOGICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

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SUB-CHAMBER HOUSING A DEEP-ETCHING STAGE AND PROVEDED WITH A CRYOPUMP, CRYO-U6 (ALVAC), WAS CONJUGATED WITH A UNIT OF VACUUM EVAPORATER. JFD-7000 (JEOL), WHICH HAD BEEN EARLIER DEVELOPED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE PRESENT PROJECT AND WAS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS TWO-WAY EVACUATION BY MEANS OF TWO SETS OF OIL-DIFFUSION PUMPS. MANY VACUUM-SPECIALISTS WERE SCEPTICAL OF SUCH A PLAN BECAUSE OF APPARENT DEMERIT OF HYBRIDIZING OF so-called clean and wet vacuum system. a vacuum of 10^<-9> ORDER WAS EVENTUALLY OBTAINED IN NUDE-GAUGE MONITORING MODE IN THE SUB-CHAMBER.THE SUB- AND MAIN CHAMBERS WERE ACTUALLY CONNECTED ONLY UPON USE BY A PASSAGE TGHROUGH WHICH A SPECIAMEN-HOLDER WAS PUSHED IN AND PULLED OUT. THE PASSAGE OTHERWISE STAYED CLOSED BY A SLIDE-VALVE TO KEEP THE VACUUM SYSTEM SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER. BAKING HEATER AND METAL SEALS, BOTH REQUIREMENT FOR CLEAN-VACUUM MAINTAINANCE, WERE GIVEN UP BECAUSE THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO TAKE TOO MUCH SPACE OF DESIGNED SUB-CHAMBERS AND LOOKED UNREALISTIC FOR SUCH A CASUAL WORK AS FREEZE-ETCHING EXPERIMENTS, USED TO BE REPEATED INCESSANTLY EVERY TIME TO RUIN THE VACUUM.