Synthesis of Polymerized Monolayers and Construction of Their Characterization System.

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1. Bilayer-forming amphiphiles which contain naphthalene and carbazole chromophores were found to form stable monolayers at the air-water interface. The macroscopic property (pi-A curve) of the monolayers and their microscopic property (reflection absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies) showed satisfactory correspondence. The molecular orientation and distribution on water were controllable, as evidenced by phase changes and fluorescence spectroscopy.2. A mini-trough for fluorescence microscopy study was constructed. Temperature control was made possible by circulating water. Water leakage was found for monolayers of low crystallinity. A small modification of the trough design is required.3. Observation of the monolayer morphology was carried out systematically by fluorescence microscopy. Monolayers of amino acid-derived amphiphiles displayed chiral crystal growth during the course of formation of the condensed phase. This indicates the presence of a long-range order. The crystal growth was not recognized for liquid expanded monolayers. Monolayers which crystallized immediately upon spreading gave irregular crystals alone in spite of their chiral nature. The chiral morphology appears to result from controlled crystal growth.4. New double-chain amphiphiles which possess the acrylate unit in the head portion and the ether unit in the tail portion were synthesized, and their polymerization behavior in the bilayer state, was examined. The conversion was quantitative in the crystalline and liquid crystalline states, in contrast to much reduced reactivity found in the absence of the ether unit.