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Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the ›White Australia Policy‹

例外还是豁免？

基本信息

批准号：
403220357
负责人：
Dr. Stefanie Affeldt
金额：
--
依托单位：
Heidelberg Zentrum Kulturelles Erbe
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/403220357?language=en
关键词：
Exception Exemption Broome Pearling Industry

项目摘要

The research project "Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the White Australia Policy" will be a historico-sociological analysis of Australian racism at the turn of the 20th century. Said racism was programmatic, defined the constitution of the country as a nation and aimed at the safeguarding of Australia’s ›whiteness‹. By contrast, the north-western town of Broome often was and still is considered an exceptional case.This project will assess whether this perception holds true and will identify the responsible circumstances. Therewith it provides new and crucial insights into processes of racist discrimination. This applies not only to the construction of ›whiteness‹ and its manifestations in the Australian context. It concerns above all the concept of racism as a social relation, which is determined by prejudice but even more so by the opportunities for agency on the part of those involved, that is offenders as well as victims. Moreover, the research project closes a research gap regarding the history of ›white Australia‹. For this, the project vets cultural, social and political interrelations between Broome and the rest of Australia. To this end, it collates the (unsuccessful) attempt of ›whitening‹ the pearling industry with the successful transformation of the Queensland sugar industry into producing ›white sugar‹. At the same time, the project examines the interrelations between both sectors. This will be contextualized globally (which suggests itself not least because international Western ›warnings‹ against an alleged ›coloured peril‹ were decisively influenced by Australia).The research project employs supplementary research methods. Process analysis discusses mechanisms of transnational inclusion and racist exclusion, illuminates Broome’s special status in light of the implementation of "white Australia", and confronts it with the wider context of a global crisis of "whiteness" triggered by the "yellow peril" and Japan’s aspiration for "racial equality". Network analysis provides valuable insights into local pressure groups, conflicts in the form of intrapersonal interests, and diasporic interconnections between international groups in Broome and their countries of origin. Discourse analysis makes accessible and evaluates governmental reports, local as well as national political debates, and public discourse. The triangulation of the three main groups of primary sources (parliamentary material, newspapers, and other published material) complements the information gained from the secondary literature and seminally analyses the processes that contributed to the forming and persistence of a unique ›coloured enclave‹ in an otherwise "white Australia". In doing so, the project also contributes to questions of both the resistance and the fight against racism.

研究项目“例外还是豁免？”《布鲁姆珍珠产业和白澳政策》将是对20世纪之交澳大利亚种族主义的历史社会学分析。他说，种族主义是有计划的，将澳大利亚的宪法定义为一个国家，旨在维护澳大利亚的“白人”。相比之下，西北部的布鲁姆镇过去和现在都被认为是一个例外。该项目将评估这种看法是否成立，并将确定负责任的情况。因此，它为种族主义歧视的过程提供了新的和关键的见解。这不仅适用于“白”的建构及其在澳大利亚语境中的表现。它首先涉及作为一种社会关系的种族主义概念，这种社会关系是由偏见决定的，但更重要的是由涉及的人，即罪犯和受害者的代理机会决定的。此外，该研究项目填补了关于“白色澳大利亚”历史的研究空白。为此，该项目审查了布鲁姆与澳大利亚其他地区之间的文化、社会和政治关系。为此，将“漂白”珍珠产业的（不成功）尝试与昆士兰制糖业成功转型为生产“白糖”进行比较。同时，该项目审查两个部门之间的相互关系。这将在全球范围内进行背景化（这不仅是因为国际西方对所谓的“有色危险”的警告受到澳大利亚的决定性影响）。本研究项目采用补充研究方法。过程分析探讨了跨国包容和种族排斥的机制，在“白澳”的实施中阐明了布鲁姆的特殊地位，并将其置于“黄祸”和日本“种族平等”诉求引发的全球“白度”危机的更大背景下。网络分析提供了宝贵的见解，以当地的压力集团，在个人利益的形式的冲突，以及散居在布鲁姆的国际集团和他们的原籍国之间的相互联系。话语分析使人们可以访问并评估政府报告、地方和国家政治辩论以及公共话语。对三组主要的第一手资料（议会资料、报纸和其他出版资料）进行三角分析，补充了从二手文献中获得的信息，并从本质上分析了在“白色澳大利亚”形成和维持一个独特的“有色飞地”的过程。在这样做的过程中，该项目也有助于抵抗和反对种族主义的问题。