Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the ›White Australia Policy‹

研究项目《例外还是豁免？布鲁姆珍珠产业与澳大利亚白人政策》将是对20世纪之交澳大利亚种族主义的历史社会学分析。说种族主义是纲领性的，将国家宪法定义为一个国家，旨在保护澳大利亚的白人。相比之下，西北部的布鲁姆镇过去和现在仍然被认为是一个特例。这个项目将评估这种看法是否属实，并将确定责任情况。由此，它提供了对种族主义歧视过程的新的和至关重要的见解。这不仅适用于>白色<的结构及其在澳大利亚语境中的表现。它首先涉及种族主义作为一种社会关系的概念，这是由偏见决定的，但更是由有关方面--犯罪者和受害者--代理的机会决定的。此外，该研究项目填补了关于白人澳大利亚历史的研究空白。为此，该项目审查了布鲁姆与澳大利亚其他地区之间的文化、社会和政治相互关系。为此，它将珍珠业美白的(不成功)尝试与昆士兰糖业成功转型为白糖生产进行了比较。同时，该项目还考察了这两个部门之间的相互关系。这将在全球范围内进行(这表明了这一点，尤其是因为国际西方>对所谓的有色危险的警告受到了澳大利亚的决定性影响)。该研究项目采用了补充研究方法。过程分析讨论了跨国包容和种族主义排斥的机制，阐明了布鲁姆的特殊地位，说明了“白色澳大利亚”的实施，并面对由“黄色危机”和日本对“种族平等”的渴望引发的全球“白色”危机的更广泛背景。网络分析提供了对当地压力集团、以个人利益形式存在的冲突以及布鲁姆国际集团与其原籍国之间的侨民相互联系的宝贵见解。语篇分析使人们能够获取和评估政府报告、地方和国家政治辩论以及公共话语。对三组主要原始资料(会议材料、报纸和其他出版材料)的三角测量补充了从二级文献中获得的信息，并从半官方的角度分析了在一个原本是“白色澳大利亚”的地方形成和维持一块独特的、有色人种的飞地的过程。在这样做的同时，该项目还有助于解决抵抗种族主义和反对种族主义的问题。

The research project "Exception or Exemption? The Broome Pearling Industry and the White Australia Policy" will be a historico-sociological analysis of Australian racism at the turn of the 20th century. Said racism was programmatic, defined the constitution of the country as a nation and aimed at the safeguarding of Australia’s ›whiteness‹. By contrast, the north-western town of Broome often was and still is considered an exceptional case.This project will assess whether this perception holds true and will identify the responsible circumstances. Therewith it provides new and crucial insights into processes of racist discrimination. This applies not only to the construction of ›whiteness‹ and its manifestations in the Australian context. It concerns above all the concept of racism as a social relation, which is determined by prejudice but even more so by the opportunities for agency on the part of those involved, that is offenders as well as victims. Moreover, the research project closes a research gap regarding the history of ›white Australia‹. For this, the project vets cultural, social and political interrelations between Broome and the rest of Australia. To this end, it collates the (unsuccessful) attempt of ›whitening‹ the pearling industry with the successful transformation of the Queensland sugar industry into producing ›white sugar‹. At the same time, the project examines the interrelations between both sectors. This will be contextualized globally (which suggests itself not least because international Western ›warnings‹ against an alleged ›coloured peril‹ were decisively influenced by Australia).The research project employs supplementary research methods. Process analysis discusses mechanisms of transnational inclusion and racist exclusion, illuminates Broome’s special status in light of the implementation of "white Australia", and confronts it with the wider context of a global crisis of "whiteness" triggered by the "yellow peril" and Japan’s aspiration for "racial equality". Network analysis provides valuable insights into local pressure groups, conflicts in the form of intrapersonal interests, and diasporic interconnections between international groups in Broome and their countries of origin. Discourse analysis makes accessible and evaluates governmental reports, local as well as national political debates, and public discourse. The triangulation of the three main groups of primary sources (parliamentary material, newspapers, and other published material) complements the information gained from the secondary literature and seminally analyses the processes that contributed to the forming and persistence of a unique ›coloured enclave‹ in an otherwise "white Australia". In doing so, the project also contributes to questions of both the resistance and the fight against racism.