Security, Democracy and Transparency. NADIS, HYDRA and the Rise of Electronic Data Sharing Systems in the Federal Republic and the USA

安全、民主和透明。

• 批准号: 403498936
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Constantin Goschler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Geschichte Nordamerikas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/403498936?language=en
• 关键词: Security; Democracy; Transparency.; NADIS; HYDRA

Since the late 1960s, secret intelligence agencies in the United States and the Federal Republic have been establishing complex electronic data-sharing systems. The creation of a CIA program named HYDRA as well as NADIS, operated by Germany’s internal intelligence agency, the Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz, was aimed at supposedly suspicious individuals and organizations. This brought about social and political movements in both nations that, fearing a threat to individual liberties, called for an abolition of such systems or at least the disclosure of what data were collected and how it was used. The proposed research project analyzes the evolution of these data-collection systems as a conflict of two opposing dimensions of transparency founded in an observation-based concept of visibility. It will examine this dichotomy, using as examples two closely interlinked North American and West German case studies, as a conflict constitutive for liberal democracies in the 1970s and 1980s in which gathering of personal data by intelligence agencies clashed with the publics’ demands for protection of private information as well as for accountability for these activities. How, why, and in which way did this conflict of reciprocal visibilization change? Using theoretical approaches used in political history, history of technology, as well as those developed by cultural sociology, the research project aims at contributing to an explanation of the paradoxical relationship of social liberalization and the contemporaneous expansion of “internal security” systems in Western democracies in the 1970s and 1980s, to a better understanding of this period as a whole, while illuminating the pre-history of "big data".

自20世纪60年代末以来，美国和联邦共和国的秘密情报机构一直在建立复杂的电子数据共享系统。由德国的内部情报机构Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz运作的中央情报局名为HYDRONIC和NADIS的项目的创建，是针对被认为可疑的个人和组织。这导致了两国的社会和政治运动，担心对个人自由的威胁，要求废除这些系统，或者至少公开收集的数据以及如何使用这些数据。拟议的研究项目分析了这些数据收集系统的演变，作为两个对立的透明度方面的冲突，建立在一个基于观察的可见性概念。它将审查这种二分法，作为例子使用两个密切相关的北美和西德的案例研究，作为一个冲突构成的自由民主国家在1970年代和1980年代，收集个人数据的情报机构与公众的要求，保护私人信息，以及对这些活动的问责制发生冲突。这种互惠互利的冲突是如何、为什么以及以何种方式发生变化的？该研究项目利用政治史、技术史以及文化社会学发展的理论方法，旨在解释1970年代和1980年代西方民主国家社会自由化与“内部安全”制度同时扩张的矛盾关系，以便更好地理解这一时期的整体情况，同时照亮了“大数据”的史前史。