National Socialism as Individual and Social Challenge after 1933 and 1945

该研究项目分为两个部分，详细考察了1933年至1939年以及战后早期对国家社会主义的个人态度和处理方式。在这两个时期，国家机构都要求个人决定他们与国家社会主义的关系。因此，国家社会主义既挑战了当代人的自我形象，也挑战了他们习惯的互动方式。该研究项目分析了个人经历和对这些挑战的反应，并试图确定它们对1933年和1945年之后发生的更广泛的社会变革的意义。第一个项目仔细研究了大量的日记和信件样本，询问1933年至1939年间，国家社会主义党声称从根本上改变了德国社会，是否以及在多大程度上改变了人们的日常生活世界。此外，它还试图确定人们不断变化的态度和行为是否以及在多大程度上影响了政权实施变革的权力。因此，它既关注个人的自我形象，也关注日常实践。第二个项目侧重于在“去纳粹化”过程中与国家社会主义的个人交往。它把去纳粹化审判作为一个中心空间，在这个空间里，个人必须处理自己在国家社会主义统治时期的过去，个人传记也要重新协商。该项目特别研究了去纳粹化的制度框架如何影响有关个人的国家社会主义过去的故事，并询问这些叙述在多大程度上影响了后来对他们在国家社会主义统治下生活的处理。

In its two parts the research project scrutinizes the individual attitudes to and dealings with National Socialism from 1933 to 1939 as well as in the early post-war years. In both periods state institutions demanded that individuals determine their relationships to National Socialism. Thus, National Socialism challenged both the contemporaries' self-images and their accustomed ways of interaction. The research project analyses the individual experiences with and reactions to these challenges and tries to determine their significance for the broader social transformations that took place after 1933 and 1945. Scrutinizing a large sample of diaries and letters, the first project asks if and how far the National Socialist claim to fundamentally alter German society changed people's everyday life-world in the years from 1933 to 1939. In addition, it tries to determine if and in how far the people's changing attitudes and behavior affected the regime's power to implement changes. It thereby concentrates on everyday practices as well as on individual self-images. The second project focusses on the individual dealings with National Socialism in the process of "denazification". It treats denazification trials as a central space in which individuals had to deal with their own past during the National Socialist rule and individual biographies were renegotiated. In particular, the project examines how the institutional framework of denazification affected stories about the individuals' National Socialist past and asks in how far these narratives influenced later treatments of their lives under National Socialism.