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Victim Witnesses at Nazi Trials. An Analysis of their Changing Role in Sixty Years of the Federal Republic

纳粹审判中的受害者证人。

基本信息

批准号：
403498844
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Yfaat Weiss
金额：
--
依托单位：
Leibniz-Institut für jüdische Geschichte und Kultur - Simon Dubnow (DI)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/403498844?language=en
关键词：
Victim Witnesses Nazi Trials.Analysis

项目摘要

The project offers a novel systematic account of the involvement of former concentration camp inmates and Holocaust survivors as trial witnesses in the judicial engagement of the Federal Republic with National Socialist mass crimes. Thousands of people who had been persecuted testified between 1949 and 1989 in judicial enquiries and criminal trials against the perpetrators, their statements often forming the backbone of the indictment and evidence. Until now, however, relatively little was known about the circumstances, conditions, and consequences of their appearance as witnesses; the appertaining source materials have hardly been used in scholarship to date. The parameters of their appearance as witnesses – from the search for, selection, and examination of witnesses through to the criminal justice criteria of witness credibility – constitute the focal point of this research. This project analyzes communications between the Federal German lawyers and persons persecuted by the Nazis, elucidates the tensions between the legal conception of witness testimony and the possibilities of testifying about annihilation, and examines the significance of victim witnesses in the legal reconstruction of the crimes along with the verdicts. The aim of the project is to provide foundational research on the basis of empirically verified and historically situated knowledge about the witnesses as protagonists in the legal prosecution of Nazi crimes. In order to capture both the group-specific and time-specific forms and contents of witness appearances, two criminal procedures relating to crime sites were selected as the basis of empirical research: the trials relating to the concentration and extermination camp at Auschwitz, with an extremely heterogeneous group of witnesses, and the trials relating to the extermination camp at Sobibor, in which exclusively Jewish witnesses were involved. Two studies thus emerged, the results of which will be presented in two monographs and one collaborative and comparative essay. The victim witnesses are understood as a group of persons involved in the trials who for the most part entered into the process with their own motives, who however found themselves in a role and a communicative situation which only marginally suited their concerns. The history of the legal engagement with Nazi crimes as a history of conflict is thereby enriched with an important new angle. The project offers a hitherto neglected engagement with the witness testimonies of persons persecuted by the Nazis generated in these criminal procedures. It takes the conditions surrounding their emergence seriously without regarding them solely from the perspective of ascertaining facts, submitting them to the standards of credibility applied by the criminal justice system, or reducing them to a function of ethics or cultural memory. This paves the way for future research in various disciplines to work with a rich corpus of hitherto little regarded source materials.

该项目提供了一个新的系统的帐户，前集中营囚犯和大屠杀幸存者参与审判证人在司法参与的联邦共和国与国家社会主义大规模犯罪。在1949年至1989年期间，数千名受到迫害的人在对肇事者的司法调查和刑事审判中作证，他们的证词往往构成起诉书和证据的基础。然而，到目前为止，人们对他们作为证人出庭的情况、条件和后果知之甚少;相关的原始材料迄今几乎没有用于学术研究。他们作为证人出庭的参数-从寻找、选择和审查证人到证人可信度的刑事司法标准-构成了本研究的重点。该项目分析了德国联邦律师和被纳粹迫害的人之间的沟通，阐明了证人证词的法律的概念和作证的可能性之间的紧张关系，并审查了受害者证人在沿着判决的罪行的法律的重建中的重要性。该项目的目的是根据经经验验证的和历史上的知识，对证人作为法律的起诉纳粹罪行的主角进行基础研究。为了掌握证人出庭的具体群体和具体时间的形式和内容，选择了两个与犯罪地点有关的刑事诉讼程序作为实证研究的基础：与奥斯威辛集中营和灭绝营有关的审判，证人群体极为不同，以及与索比堡灭绝营有关的审判，证人全部是犹太人。由此产生了两项研究，其结果将在两本专著和一篇合作和比较论文中介绍。受害者证人被理解为参与审判的一群人，他们大部分是带着自己的动机进入这一过程的，但他们发现自己所处的角色和交流环境只稍微适合他们的关切。因此，对纳粹罪行的法律的接触史作为一部冲突史，以一个重要的新角度得到了丰富。该项目提供了一个迄今为止被忽视的参与与证人的证词，被纳粹迫害的人在这些刑事诉讼程序中产生。它认真对待围绕其出现的条件，而不是仅仅从确定事实的角度来看待它们，将它们置于刑事司法系统适用的可信度标准之下，或将它们简化为道德或文化记忆的功能。这为今后各学科的研究工作铺平了道路，迄今为止很少考虑源材料的丰富语料库。