Rheotactically structured and hierarchically organized materials

在拟议的项目中，将开发宏观的整体和各向异性的分层组织的材料，并控制其在所有长度尺度上的几何形状。在第一个处理步骤中，将通过在底物结合的生物膜中形成流变性胞外多糖(EPS)流，以及通过产生EPS的微生物的天然化学趋化性和趋光性来创建结构模板。这种EPS具有1纳米、10纳米和100纳米尺度的分层内部结构，允许沉积材料。宏观尺度上的几何控制将通过多孔性衬底的制造--例如添加剂--来实现。在微米和亚微米尺度上，第一个工作包中确定的流光形成参数将用于控制结构形成。在第二步中，应使用生物模板方法将准备好的模板转化为工程材料。这些将针对两个应用程序进行测试。这些应用包括用于构筑的具有互穿分散多糖相的无机材料以及用于液相色谱的具有流线型大孔的纯无机整体微孔和介孔材料的宏观仿生层级组织的韧性复合材料。在两个工作包中的第一个中，应表征基于流动流体的主要参数压力、时间和组成的生物膜流光在多孔基质中的结构形成。在第二个工作包中，并与第一个工作包协调，应结合两种设想的应用对在三维结构胞外多糖网络中沉积无机相期间形成的材料进行评估。在这里，将评估聚合物模板的单独或原位矿化路线。

Within the proposed project, macroscopically monolithic and anisotropic hierarchically organized materials will be developed with control over their geometries on all length scales. In a first processing step, structural templates will be created through rheotactic exopolysaccharide (EPS) streamer formation in substrate-bound biofilms, as well as through the native chemo- and phototaxis of the EPS-producing microbes. Such EPS possess hierarchical internal structurings on the 1-, 10- and 100 Nanometer scales, which allow the deposition of materials. Contrelling the geometries on the macroscale will be achieved through the -for example additive- manufacturing of the porous substrates. On the micrometer- and submicrometer scales, the parameters of streamer formation, determined in the first work package will serve to control the structure formation. In a second step, the prepared templates shall be transformed to engineering materials using biotemplating approaches. These will be tested with regard to two applications. These applications are macroscopic bio-mimetic hierarchically organized tough composites from inorganic materials with an interpenetrating disperse polysaccharide phase for contruction, as well as purely inorganic monolithic micro- and mesoporous materials with streamlined macropores for liquid chromatography. In the first of two work packages, the structure formation via biofilm streamers in porous substrates based on the main parameters pressure, time and composition of the streaming fluids shall be characterized. In the second work package, and in coordination with the first work package, the materials formation during the deposition of inorganic phases in threedimensionally structured exopolysachcaride networks shall be assessed with regard to the two envisioned applications. Here, separate or in situ mineralization routes of polymeric templates will be assessed.