Rheotactically structured and hierarchically organized materials

在拟议的项目中，宏观整体和各向异性分层组织的材料将在所有长度尺度上控制其几何形状。在第一个处理步骤中，结构模板将通过在底物结合的生物膜中形成流变性外多糖（EPS）流，以及通过产生EPS的微生物的天然趋化和光性来创建。这种EPS在1纳米、10纳米和100纳米尺度上具有分层的内部结构，从而允许材料的沉积。在宏观尺度上控制几何形状将通过多孔基板的例如增材制造来实现。在微米和亚微米尺度上，在第一个工作包中确定的拖缆形成参数将用于控制结构的形成。第二步，利用生物模板的方法将制备好的模板转化为工程材料。这些将在两个应用程序中进行测试。这些应用包括宏观仿生分层组织的坚韧复合材料，这些复合材料由无机材料组成，具有相互穿透的分散多糖相，以及用于液相色谱的具有流线型大孔的纯无机整体微孔和介孔材料。在两个工作包中的第一个工作包中，将基于流流体的主要参数压力、时间和组成来表征多孔基质中生物膜流道的结构形成。在第二个工作包中，并与第一个工作包协调，应根据两种设想的应用评估三维结构外聚多糖网络中无机相沉积期间形成的材料。在这里，将评估聚合物模板的分离或原位矿化路线。

Within the proposed project, macroscopically monolithic and anisotropic hierarchically organized materials will be developed with control over their geometries on all length scales. In a first processing step, structural templates will be created through rheotactic exopolysaccharide (EPS) streamer formation in substrate-bound biofilms, as well as through the native chemo- and phototaxis of the EPS-producing microbes. Such EPS possess hierarchical internal structurings on the 1-, 10- and 100 Nanometer scales, which allow the deposition of materials. Contrelling the geometries on the macroscale will be achieved through the -for example additive- manufacturing of the porous substrates. On the micrometer- and submicrometer scales, the parameters of streamer formation, determined in the first work package will serve to control the structure formation. In a second step, the prepared templates shall be transformed to engineering materials using biotemplating approaches. These will be tested with regard to two applications. These applications are macroscopic bio-mimetic hierarchically organized tough composites from inorganic materials with an interpenetrating disperse polysaccharide phase for contruction, as well as purely inorganic monolithic micro- and mesoporous materials with streamlined macropores for liquid chromatography. In the first of two work packages, the structure formation via biofilm streamers in porous substrates based on the main parameters pressure, time and composition of the streaming fluids shall be characterized. In the second work package, and in coordination with the first work package, the materials formation during the deposition of inorganic phases in threedimensionally structured exopolysachcaride networks shall be assessed with regard to the two envisioned applications. Here, separate or in situ mineralization routes of polymeric templates will be assessed.