Origin of volatiles and organics on Earth, IDPs, meteorites, and comets

地球、国内流离失所者、陨石和彗星上挥发物和有机物的起源

• 批准号: 404684586
• 负责人: Dr. Dmitry Semenov
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/404684586?language=en
• 关键词: Origin; volatiles; organics; Earth; IDPs

One of the most intriguing scientific questions is to understand conditions at which our planetary system was born and the conditions necessary for building a habitable Earth. To answer these questions, one has to first understand the evolution, radial distribution, and abundances of the key ingredients for life - water, carbon-, and nitrogen-bearing compounds in the early solar nebula, in what form they existed, and how they have been delivered to Earth. The important clues to the physical conditions and chemical complexity in this ancient epoch are hidden in the chemical and isotopic composition of Earth surface volatiles and primitive bodies of the solar system such as meteorites, comets, and interplanetary dust particles. It is challenging to relate the mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic composition and water content revealed by laboratory investigations with the conditions in the young solar system at about 4.57 Ga ago, unless a feasible evolutionary model of the solar nebula is used. Therefore, in the next three year we will create an improved model of the solar nebula that includes gas and dust temperature and density evolution, transport, and gas-grain time-dependent chemistry with isotopic fractionation. The main directions of our research will be: 1) distribution and evolution of water and major C-, O-, and N-bearing molecules throughout the early solar nebula; 2) origin of water and C-, O-, and N-isotopic composition of volatile and refractory material throughout the early solar nebula (in particular, planet-forming zone).

最有趣的科学问题之一是了解我们的行星系统诞生的条件以及建立可居住地球所需的条件。要回答这些问题，首先必须了解早期太阳星云中生命的关键成分--水、碳和氮的化合物--的演化、径向分布和丰度，它们以什么形式存在，以及它们是如何被输送到地球的。这个古老时代的物理条件和化学复杂性的重要线索隐藏在地球表面挥发物和太阳系原始天体的化学和同位素组成中，如陨石，彗星和行星际尘埃颗粒。将实验室研究揭示的矿物学、化学和同位素组成以及水含量与大约4.57 Ga前年轻太阳系的条件联系起来是具有挑战性的，除非使用一个可行的太阳星云演化模型。因此，在接下来的三年里，我们将创建一个改进的太阳星云模型，其中包括气体和尘埃的温度和密度演化，运输，以及气体颗粒与同位素分馏的时间相关化学。我们的主要研究方向是：1）整个早期太阳星云中水和主要含C-，O-和N-分子的分布和演化; 2）整个早期太阳星云（特别是行星形成带）中水和挥发性和难熔物质的C-，O-和N-同位素组成的起源。