Evolution and dispersal of Mammutidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia)

乳象科（长鼻科、哺乳动物）的进化和传播

• 批准号: 407305594
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Wighart von Koenigswald
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Paläontologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/407305594?language=en
• 关键词: Evolution; dispersal; Mammutidae; Proboscidea; Mammalia

Origin, dispersal and evolution of the genus Mammut (Proboscidea, Mammutidae)The history of the North American Mammutidae, a marginal family of the Elephantoidea shall be investigated, especially the transition from Zygolophodon to Mammut. In the European literature, traditionally the North American Mammut is regarded as a late immigrant from Europe during the Pliocene, whereas American authors argue for an endemic origin from an early immigrant during the Middle Miocene. This discrepancy is caused mainly by the limited number of informative mammutid fossils. Recent detection made by the applicant of three so far unpublished and highly informative fossils from the Miocene in North America allow a new approach to fill the gap of information during this crucial period. Although these specimens were excavated decades ago, they were not studied so far. The new materials to be investigated are housed in different museums/collections; it includes a cranium with mandible in a technical museum (OMSI) in Portland, Oregon, and a maxilla and a mandible in Eugene, University of Orgeon. In cooperation with American colleagues, the stratigraphic positions of these finds were reconstructed. They are from the Miocene. Additional comparative studies with a skull of Zygolophodon proavus, the only known cranium of this genus from North America, housed in the R. Alf Museum in Claremont, CA, are intended in cooperation with Don Lofgren (Alf Museum). On the European side, an unpublished partial skeleton including a mandible from the Pliocene of Thuringia housed in the Museum of Schleusingen will be studied. It is one of the latest European mammutids and the most complete from Central Europe and therefore important for the comparison with the North American lineage. The investigations shall be done by the applicant together with Ursula Göhlich, a specialist on Neogene proboscidens, experienced in systematics, cranial and postcranial anatomy and diet. The applicant WvK has specialized on the dentition of proboscideans in terms of mastication. Agreements with the American colleagues of the various collections are arranged and granted.

北美毛um虫的历史，象征性的象征性属的历史，象征性的象征性家族，尤其是从Zygolophodon到Mammut的过渡。在欧洲文学中，传统上，北美的妈妈在上新世期间被认为是欧洲的后期移民，而美国的作者则在中新世中期的早期移民中主张了一个流行的起源。这种差异主要是由于信息丰富的毛刺化石数量有限。迄今为止，北美中新世迄今未发表的三种未发表和高度信息化的化石的最新检测允许在这一关键时期填补信息空白的新方法。尽管这些物种是几十年前发掘的，但到目前为止，它们还没有研究。要调查的新材料被安置在不同的博物馆/收藏品中；它包括一个在俄勒冈州波特兰的技术博物馆（OMSI）中下颌骨的颅骨，以及奥格恩大学尤金的上颌骨和下颌骨。与美国同事合作，重建了这些发现的地层位置。他们来自中新世。 Zygolophon Proavus的头骨是北美该属的唯一已知的颅骨，位于加利福尼亚州克莱蒙特市的R. Alf博物馆中，是与Don Lofgren（ALF博物馆）合作的。在欧洲方面，未出版的部分骨架包括施莱林申林博物馆的图林林属的下颌骨，将是研究。它是中欧最新的欧洲毛刺者之一，也是中欧最完整的毛刺者之一，因此对于与北美血统进行比较很重要。该研究应由适用的新金属肠胃剂专家UrsulaGöhlich一起进行，该专家在系统，颅骨和颅后解剖学和饮食方面经验丰富。适用的WVK在咀嚼方面专门研究长鼻的牙列。与美国同事的各种藏品达成协议。