Molecular-life signatures and organic-matter transformations at the temperature limit of life, IODP Exp. 370

生命温度极限下的分子生命特征和有机物转变，IODP Exp 370

• 批准号: 408178672
• 负责人: Dr. Florence Schubotz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften (MARUM)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/408178672?language=en
• 关键词: Molecular; life; signatures; organic; matter

Exp. 370 was implemented to explore the upper temperature of life of the deep biosphere off Cape Muroto, Nankai Trough, Japan, a site with an extraordinarily high heat flow and where temperatures at the sediment-basement interface are expected to reach the currently known temperature limit of life at around 120°C. These are also temperatures where catagenesis, the thermal breakdown of organic material to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, occurs. Through the catagenic reactions it is assumed that the more labile and potentially more oxidized organic material becomes bioavailabe and this has been proposed to directly feed indigenous microbial communities at high temperatures, providing a link between these abiotic and biotic zones. The overarching research questions in this project are: What is the extent of the deep biosphere close to the temperature limit of life? How is life adapted to high temperatures in an energy-limited habitat? What are the bio-available compounds that are released from the kerogens in sediments with low organic-carbon content and what are the substrates that fuel microbial subseafloor systems close to the temperature limit of life? This proposal intends to implement a comprehensive geochemical approach that will include the quantitative and qualitative downcore analysis of molecular life detection markers such as intact polar lipids and respiratory quinones with ultra-sensitive mass spectrometric techniques. These investigations will be closely coupled to a detailed characterization of the soluble and insoluble organic matter (kerogen). Using elemental, mass spectrometric, spectroscopic and pyrolytic techniques, the quality and bioavailabilty of the kerogen-bound organic matter will be assessed. In addition, the potential for organic substrate generation that may feed the indigenous microbial communities will be tested via hydrous pyrolysis laboratory experiments. This research is directly relevant to fundamental questions of current deep biosphere research and promises to significantly advance our understanding of the extent of the deep subsurface biosphere and the factors which may ultimately limit deeply buried life.

Exp. 370号项目的实施是为了探索日本南海海槽室户角外深层生物圈的生命上限温度，该地点具有非常高的热流，预计沉积物-基底界面的温度将达到目前已知的生命温度极限，约为120°C。这些温度也是发生退化作用的温度，退化作用是有机物质热分解为液态和气态烃。通过降解反应，假设更不稳定和可能更氧化的有机材料变得生物有效，并且已经提出在高温下直接喂养本地微生物群落，从而在这些非生物区和生物区之间提供联系。该项目的首要研究问题是：接近生命温度极限的深层生物圈的范围是多少？在能量有限的栖息地，生命是如何适应高温的？有机碳含量低的沉积物中的干酪根释放的生物可利用化合物是什么？使海底下微生物系统接近生命温度极限的基质是什么？该提案旨在实施一种全面的地球化学方法，其中将包括利用超灵敏质谱技术对分子生命检测标志物（如完整极性脂质和呼吸醌）进行定量和定性的底层分析。这些调查将密切结合的可溶性和不溶性有机物质（油母质）的详细表征。利用元素、质谱、光谱和热解技术，将评估干酪根结合的有机物质的质量和生物利用度。此外，将通过含水热解实验室实验来测试可能为土著微生物群落提供食物的有机基质产生的潜力。这项研究直接关系到目前深层生物圈研究的基本问题，并有望大大提高我们对深层地下生物圈的程度和可能最终限制深埋生命的因素的理解。

项目成果

Influence of Early Low‐Temperature and Later High‐Temperature Diagenesis on Magnetic Mineral Assemblages in Marine Sediments From the Nankai Trough

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gc010133
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: M. Kars;M. Köster;S. Henkel;R. Stein;F. Schubotz;Xiang Zhao;S. Bowden;A. Roberts;K. Kodama

Evolution of (Bio‐)Geochemical Processes and Diagenetic Alteration of Sediments Along the Tectonic Migration of Ocean Floor in the Shikoku Basin off Japan

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009585
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: M. Köster;M. Kars;F. Schubotz;M. Tsang;M. Maisch;A. Kappler;Y. Morono;F. Inagaki;V. Heuer;S. Kasten;S. Henkel

Hot fluids, burial metamorphism and thermal histories in the underthrust sediments at IODP 370 site C0023, Nankai Accretionary Complex

南开增生杂岩 IODP 370 站点 C0023 逆冲沉积物中的热流体、埋藏变质作用和热历史

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104080
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Marine and Petroleum Geology
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Bowden;Mohammed;Muirhead;Yamamoto;Kamiya;Okutsu;Hirose;Schubotz;Morono;Inagaki;Hinrichs
• 通讯作者: Hinrichs