Interactions of soil microbial communities and persistent organic pollutants at different biogeochemical interfaces in soil

土壤不同生物地球化学界面土壤微生物群落与持久性有机污染物的相互作用

• 批准号: 40956058
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Kornelia Smalla
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Epidemiologie und Pathogendiagnostik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/40956058?language=en
• 关键词: Interactions; soil; microbial; communities; persistent

Microbial communities in soils are highly diverse and complex and vary at very small scales due to the coexistence of different microhabitats. In the first phase of the project we could show that the response of the bacterial communities in the two model soils (Scheyern Luvisol, Ultuna Cambisol) to phenanthrene was strikingly different. The Cambisol showed a slower response compared to Luvisol but distinct community changes were detectable for both soils after two months. Genes coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of phenanthrene (rhdα) were detected only in phenanthrene-treated soils, and a strikingly different abundance and diversity of rhdα genes was observed for the two soils. By means of molecular fingerprints we could also show that the mineral composition and the presence of charcoal strongly influenced the composition of the bacterial community established in eight artificial soils.In the second phase we will study the response of soil microbial communities established after two years of maturation in four artificial soils to phenanthrene. We hypothesize that depending on the mineral composition different microbial communities will be established during maturation that shape the properties of the biogeochemical interfaces (BGI) through the production of extracellular polymeric substances and metabolites. The properties of the BGI and the microbial community composition, in particular their degradative potential will influence the fate of phenanthrene.We hypothesize that maize addition will foster adaptation of soil bacterial communities by horizontal gene transfer. We aim to identify the microbial population involved in biotransformation in batch and column experiments and to investigate how the response of soil microbial communities to phenanthrene is influenced by water availability.

土壤中微生物群落高度多样性和复杂性，并且由于不同微生境的共存而在非常小的尺度上变化。在该项目的第一阶段，我们可以表明，两种模式土壤（谢耶恩淋溶土，Ultuna Cambisol）中的细菌群落对菲的反应是惊人的不同。形成土表现出较慢的响应相比，淋溶土，但两个月后，检测到明显的社区变化的土壤。仅在菲处理的土壤中检测到参与菲降解的酶（rhdα）编码基因，且两种土壤中rhdα基因的丰度和多样性存在显著差异。通过分子指纹分析，我们还发现矿物组成和木炭的存在强烈影响了8种人工土壤中建立的细菌群落的组成。在第二阶段，我们将研究4种人工土壤中成熟2年后建立的土壤微生物群落对菲的响应。我们假设，根据矿物成分不同的微生物群落将在成熟过程中建立，通过生产胞外聚合物和代谢物来塑造生物地球化学界面（BGI）的特性。BGI和微生物群落组成的性质，特别是它们的降解潜力将影响菲的命运。我们假设，玉米除了通过水平基因转移促进土壤细菌群落的适应。我们的目的是确定参与生物转化的微生物种群在批处理和柱实验，并探讨如何响应土壤微生物群落菲的水供应量的影响。