The urban house before 1300

自中世纪盛期以来，这座城市一直是现代欧洲社会结构的中心。自19世纪以来，法律、经济和社会历史对这一领域进行了深入的研究。北欧城市的建筑结构主要发展于12 / 13世纪。现存的关于已建成城市的概览出版物形成了中世纪早期城市的形象再现。除了神圣的建筑外，人们关注的焦点一直是上层阶级的住宅建筑，以及石结构和木结构的区别。这些早期的作品是基于战后的研究，在重要的新发现或方法和系统的调查（建筑考古学、中世纪考古学、树木年代学）建立之前。第一批新的概述和图片是由中世纪的考古学提供的，特别是在瑞士（Zurich Rindermarkt）和莱尔贝克（Alfstraße）的发掘。然而，由此产生的城市环境重建又回到了重建地上建筑的旧研究。在树木年代学测定年代的新可能性的推动下，建筑考古学在过去三十年中发现，这座城市早期的大量建筑仍被保存了多年。遗憾的是，这些新发现的呈现仍停留在个人考虑中，迄今为止只是针对个别地点和区域进行了总结。尽管最近许多关于中世纪晚期世俗建筑的个人研究经常反驳，但人们仍然使用了熟悉的旧的、误导性的刻板印象。令人痛苦的是，缺乏概括的概述，将单个的发现整合到一个新的图像中。对于世俗建筑的内部和结构，整体知识水平明显低于建筑本身的知识水平。通常，没有单独的检查。在这里，在过去的30年里，通过建筑研究等已经为人所知的中世纪高层房屋几乎没有被检查过，因此只有概述起作用，从中世纪晚期的发现开始，描述了亵渎房间设置的概念。该项目着眼于整个早期城市的证据：房屋的具体形式，基础设施，建筑和使用，地块上的位置，城市空间中的位置。其目的是对1300年以前城市中中世纪房屋的总体描绘。

The city has been a central, defining structure of modern European society since the High Middle Ages. Legal, economic and social history have done intensive research in this field since the 19th century. The northern European city as a built structure developed mainly in the 12th / 13th century.The existing overview publications of the built city form the pictorial representation of the early medieval city. In addition to sacred architecture, the focus was always on the residential building of the upper classes and the distinction between stone and timber construction.These early works are based on post-war research before important new discoveries or methods and systematic investigations have been established (building archeology, archaeology of the middle ages, dendrochronology).The first new overviews and pictures were provided by the archeology of the middle ages, especially the excavations in Switzerland (Zurich Rindermarkt) and in Lübeck (Alfstraße). However, the resulting reconstructions of the urban environment had revert to the older research for the reconstruction of the above-ground buildings.Fueled by the new possibility of dating by means of dendrochronology, building archaeology has over the last thirty years uncovered that there are still large numbers of buildings from the early days of the city, which have been preserved over the years. Alas, the presentation of these new findings remains in individual considerations, which have so far only been summarized for individual locations and regions.Although the numerous recent individual studies on high-medieval secular buildings often refute, still the familiar older, misleading stereotypes are used. There is a painfull lack in generalizing overviews, which bring together the individual findings into a new image.With regard to interor and décor of secular buildings, the overall level of knowledge is significantly worse than that of the building itself. Often, there are no individual examinations. Here, the high-medieval houses that have become known in the last 30 years through building research, etc., have barely been examined, so that only the overview works, beginning with late medieval findings, characterize the idea of profane room settings.The project looks at the entire early city on the basis of the evidence: the house in its concrete form, infrastructure, construction and use, location on the plot, location in urban space. The aim is a general depiction of the medieval house in the city before 1300.