The Captured and Displaced German Files of WW II in Soviet and Russian Archives

尽管在研究原始资料时，历史学家总是要面对档案政策的后果，但档案政策本身却很少成为历史研究的对象。一个例外是阿斯特丽德·埃克特（Astrid Eckert）的研究（2004年），该研究调查了新生的德意志联邦共和国与二战中获胜的西方盟国（尤其是英国和美国）之间的“文件之争”。迄今为止，对二战后苏联和俄罗斯处理德国档案材料的活动进行比较研究仍然是一项迫切需要的研究。德国档案材料是在什么情况下、出于什么目的和根据什么标准获得并带到苏联的，它们是如何编目、保存、分发给不同的档案馆、机构和研究设施的，以及它们是如何被使用的，现在仍然知之甚少。此外，到目前为止，在俄罗斯联邦的地区国家档案馆和不受俄罗斯联邦档案局控制的档案馆中没有关于德国各省“战利品收藏”的概览。这里概述的研究项目旨在填补这些空白。该项目位于文化史、史学史、制度史和外交史之间的交叉点，除了必要的盘点之外，该项目还有助于更好地理解斯大林主义晚期苏联的多元政治结构，另一方面可以揭示冷战期间档案文件在东西方对抗的“意识形态战线”上是如何被利用和动员起来的，目的是什么。项目实施的先决条件是2011年莫斯科DHI、俄罗斯联邦档案局、俄罗斯联邦国防部和俄罗斯历史学会达成的一项科学倡议，该倡议旨在将存储在俄罗斯的德国文件数字化。这个项目已经促进了对俄罗斯联邦国防部档案所载文件的联合编目。

Although in their work on source materials, historians are always confronted with the consequences of archival policy, that policy itself is only rarely an object of historical research. One exception is Astrid Eckert’s study (2004 ) investigating the “struggle for the files” between the nascent German Federal Republic and the victorious Western Allies in the Second World War, in particular Great Britain and the US. A comparative study looking at Soviet and Russian activities in dealing with German archival material after World War Two remains to date a desideratum. There still is little if any knowledge on under what circumstances, with what intentions and according to what criteria German archival materials were acquired and brought to the Soviet Union, how they were catalogued, preserved, distributed to different archives, agencies and research facilities, and how they were used. In addition, there is to date no overview of the “trophy collections” of German provenience in the regional state archives of the Russian Federation and in the archives not subject to the control of the Federal Archive Service of the Russian Federation. The research project sketched here is intended to fill in these gaps. Situated at the interface between the history of culture, history of historiography, of institutions and of diplomacy, the project can contribute, over and beyond a necessary stocktaking, to a better understanding of the polycratic structures in the late-Stalinist Soviet Union on one hand, and can on the other reveal how and with what aim during the Cold War archival documentation was employed and mobilized on the “ideological front” in the East-West confrontation. The prerequisite for the project’s implementation is the scientific initiative agreed upon in 2011 between the DHI Moscow, the Federal Archives Agency of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Russian Historical Society for digitalizing the German documents stored in Russia. This project has already facilitated the joint cataloguing of files contained in the Defense Ministry Archive of the Russian Federation.