寒冷地に適する水稲直播栽培法3種の比較検討と問題点の摘出

适合寒地地区的三种直播水稻栽培方式比较研究及问题识别

• 批准号: 21925019
• 负责人: 西 政佳
• 金额: $ 0.31万
• 依托单位: Iwate University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21925019/
• 关键词: 鉄コーティング直播栽培; 乾田直播栽培; 寒冷地

研究目的:新技術の鉄コーティング直播栽培(以下鉄コート)および乾田直播栽培(以下乾直)と移植栽培を比較し、寒冷地に適した直播栽培法の検討を行った。研究方法:供試品種;「あきたこまち」乾直密植区;種子量7kg/10a,条間15cm、乾直疎植区;種子量5kg/10a,条間30cm、鉄コート区;種子量7kg/10a,散播、移植区;20.8株/10a結果および考察生育状況;出芽揃いまで日数は乾直区が17日、鉄コート区は15日要した。播種から苗立ち期までの地温は鉄コート区に比べ乾直区が日平均温度で0.6℃高かく、日変動幅も小さかった。また、期間中の最低気温0.6℃時においても乾直区水田の地温は6.5℃であった。苗立ち率は乾直区が90.5%、鉄コート区は65.5%で乾直区が優った。鳥被害率は乾直区の5%に対し、鉄コート区は13.4%と高かった。茎数は直播区全区で移植区に比べ多く推移し、最終茎数は乾直密植区が移植区に比べ110本多く、乾直疎植区、鉄コート区もやや多かった。草丈、葉色は直播区全区とも移植区に比べ生育前半は低く推移したが、乾直区は7月下旬以降葉色が上昇し、移植区と同水準で推移し、最終草丈も同程度だった。鉄コート区は乾直区に比べ後半の生育が劣った。出穂期は移植区に比べ乾直区は10日、鉄コート区は7日遅れた。収量および収量構成要素;玄米収量は移植区に比べ直播区全区で16.5～26.2%低かった。乾直密植区、鉄コート区は移植栽培に比べてm^2あたりの穂数がやや多かったが、全籾数が少なく登熟歩合も低かったため精玄米重は約20%低下した。直播区内では乾直密植区>鉄コート区>乾直疎植区の順で玄米収量は高かく、乾直区で大粒化する傾向が見られ、また、鉄コート区で倒伏が確認された。以上、直播栽培は移植栽培に比べ茎数が多かったが初期生育、収量性が劣った。減収の要因として出穂の遅延、1穂籾数の減少が挙げられた。乾田直播密植栽培は鉄コーティング直播栽培よりも生育、収量とも優れた。ただし、移植栽培に比べ約20%減収したことから、より早期に播種し、出穂期を促進する栽培法を検討する必要がある。

Objective: To compare the new technology of direct seeding culture with dry field direct seeding culture and transplant culture, and to discuss the direct seeding culture method in cold field. Research methods: test varieties;"" stem straight dense planting area; seed quantity 7kg/10a, stem straight planting area 15cm; seed quantity 5kg/10a, stem straight planting area 30cm; seed quantity 7kg/10a, spreading and transplanting area;20.8 plants/10a; fruit growth status; budding days; stem straight area 17 days; iron field 15 days. The soil temperature in the seeding period is 0.6℃ higher than the daily average temperature in the dry area, and the daily fluctuation is smaller. The lowest temperature in the middle of the period is 0.6℃, and the ground temperature of paddy field in dry area is 6.5℃. The rate of seedling standing is 90.5% in dry straight area, and 65.5% in iron straight area. The bird kill rate was 5% in the dry area and 13.4% in the iron area. The number of stems in the direct seeding area is higher than that in the transplanting area. The final number of stems in the direct seeding area is higher than that in the transplanting area. The number of stems in the direct seeding area is higher than that in the transplanting area. The color of leaves in the direct seeding area is lower than that in the first half of the growth period, and the color of leaves in the stem area is higher than that in the second half of July. The color of leaves in the transplanting area is the same as that in the last half of July. Iron and steel production area is better than the rear half. The first stage of the transplant is 10 days, the second stage is 7 days. The amount of rice in the transplanted area was 16.5~26.2% lower than that in the whole area. In the dry and dense planting area, the weight of rice is about 20% lower than that in the dry and dense planting area. In the direct seeding area, the dry and dense planting area> the iron and steel planting area> the dry and straight planting area, the rice yield is high, the dry and straight area tends to be large, and the iron and steel planting area is low. The number of stems in direct seeding cultivation is higher than that in transplanting cultivation. The number of stems in early stage is lower than that in transplanting cultivation. The main reason for the decrease in the number of rays is the delay in the number of rays. Direct seeding and close planting in dry fields can produce excellent results in fertility, harvest and harvest. About 20% less than transplanting cultivation, early sowing, and cultivation methods.