School-to-work transitions and health inequalities among young adults

年轻人从学校到工作的过渡和健康不平等

• 批准号: 416092996
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Nico Dragano
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/416092996?language=en
• 关键词: work; transitions; health; inequalities; among

After secondary education, a time of social stratification and mobility begins. This stage of ‘school-to-work-transitions’ usually occurs between 16 and 24 years and is a crucial period both for entire life courses and for later health. The presence of socioeconomic inequalities in health at this stage is therefore specifically problematic and needs to be studied explicitly. Thereby, various determinants on individual-level must be taken into account (behavioural, material, and psychosocial factors), but also the fact that these individual determinants are incorporated in more distal institutional contexts at the meso level, attended at this stage of life (e.g. universities, vocational schools). Each of these institutions provides distinct contexts that directly and indirectly influence health, and that may aggravate or decrease health inequalities. An in-depth understanding of associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health of young adults, thus, needs to consider the complex interrelation of individual and institutional factors.Yet, there is a striking lack of research on the role of meso-level factors during ‘school-to-work-transitions’. It is the overall aim of this subproject to provide new evidence on this issue. Research questions are:1. Which individual-level determinants (behavioural, material, and psychosocial) contribute to an association between SEP and health among young adults?2. Is the association between SEP, individual-level determinants and health influenced by the type of institution entered during school-to-work transitions (e.g. vocational training vs. university)?3. Which contextual characteristics of single institutional units (e.g. of work environments) affect health inequalities among young adults? Based on a literature review, the project will first summarize current evidence on health inequalities during school-to-work transitions and generate a conceptual framework for the empirical part, which covers three empirical case studies. The first study uses longitudinal data from the starting cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and investigates how health inequalities develop from the ages of 16 to 24 years, how individual-level factors contribute to health inequalities and how different institutional contexts moderate or mediate health inequalities. Studies 2 and 3, in contrast, focus on single institutions and their distinct characteristics, using the two examples university (longitudinal, NEPS, starting cohort 5, university students) and vocational training/work (cross-sectional, ‘Jugenderwerbstätigenbefragung’).Results will be delivered to the Coordination Project as a contribution to the overall multi-level model of health inequalities from birth to young adulthood. Findings of this subproject are an important component as they shed light on a crucial life stage for health in later life and on key societal institutions.

中等教育之后，社会分层和流动的时代开始了。这一“从学校到工作的过渡”阶段通常发生在16至24岁之间，对整个生命历程和以后的健康都是至关重要的时期。因此，现阶段保健方面存在的社会经济不平等问题特别严重，需要进行明确研究。因此，必须考虑到个人层面的各种决定因素（行为、物质和社会心理因素），但也要考虑到这些个人决定因素在中观层面被纳入更远的制度背景，在生命的这个阶段（例如大学、职业学校）。这些机构中的每一个都提供了直接和间接影响健康的独特环境，并可能加剧或减少健康不平等。因此，深入了解青年社会经济地位（SEP）与健康之间的关系需要考虑个人因素和制度因素的复杂相互关系。然而，在“从学校到工作的转变”过程中，对中观因素的作用的研究明显缺乏。这个子项目的总体目标是为这个问题提供新的证据。研究问题有：1。哪些个人层面的决定因素（行为、物质和社会心理）促成了年轻人SEP与健康之间的关联？SEP、个人层面的决定因素和健康之间的关联是否受到学校到工作过渡期间进入的机构类型的影响（例如职业培训vs.大学）？单一机构单位的哪些背景特征（例如工作环境）影响年轻人的健康不平等？在文献综述的基础上，该项目将首先总结目前关于从学校到工作过渡期间健康不平等的证据，并为实证部分生成一个概念框架，其中包括三个实证案例研究。第一项研究使用了来自德国国家教育小组研究（NEPS）起始队列的纵向数据，调查了从16岁到24岁的健康不平等是如何发展的，个人层面的因素是如何导致健康不平等的，以及不同的制度背景是如何缓和或调解健康不平等的。相比之下，研究2和研究3侧重于单个机构及其独特的特征，使用了两个例子大学（纵向，NEPS，起始队列5，大学生）和职业培训/工作（横截面，Jugenderwerbstätigenbefragung）。结果将提交给协调项目，作为对从出生到成年早期健康不平等的整体多层次模型的贡献。这个子项目的研究结果是一个重要组成部分，因为它们揭示了晚年健康的关键生命阶段和关键的社会制度。