Urban Shadow Spaces in the Postcolonial State: Self-organisation of Land and Water Resources in the Periphery of Maputo (Mozambique)

后殖民国家的城市影子空间：马普托周边土地和水资源的自组织（莫桑比克）

• 批准号: 418149349
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Eberhard Rothfuß
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Geosciences
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/418149349?language=en
• 关键词: Urban; Shadow; Spaces; Postcolonial; State

Since 1992, the young post-colonial state of Mozambique has been undergoing a profound political transition process, from a formerly socialist state to a democratic nation-state which is increasingly taking on neo-patrimonial traits. The influence of unions and cooperatives led by the party Frente da Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO) is dwindling and being complemented by the activities of civil society actors, often supported by (international) NGOs. The capital of Maputo with its densely populated peripheral districts plays a crucial role in the socio-political transition process. The peri-urban spaces lead a self-organized shadow existence in many spheres of life, in order to provide the material as well as socio-cultural necessities. They can be thought of as a laboratory in which a democratic transition is taking place from below and from the social edge, and in which development processes are playing out with customary authorities and (non-)state actors interacting to create a specific form of governance of a postcolonial civil society. An ambivalence is revealed here: on the one hand, there is a lack of willingness and/or ability on the part of the state to provide urban infrastructures and services for all citizens, but on the other hand, this offers vulnerable and marginalized groups options for self-determination and increased autonomy.Therefore the sub-project will focus its empirical research on two self-organising collectives in the peri-urban quarters of KaMabukwana and Katembe and enquire into their logic of practice as informal 'service providers' in the areas of water supply and agricultural food production in community gardens. Thus two important forms of practice of resource-based and welfare-oriented urban commons are at stake, which remain constitutive for many African urban life-worlds. Due to their existential prac-tices, these self-organising groups are closely embedded in the social space of their respective barrios and communidades. The overarching research question of this project is twofold: Does self-organisation in the provision of both of these essential services undermine or enhance the authority of state institutions in the provision of public goods/services in the periphery? Does it provide an avenue for the efficient delivery of these services in the long-run?Conceptually, the project is based on the governance and actor-centered institutional approach of the ‘shadow of hierarchy’ and uses the heuristic approach of social entrepreneurship on the level of practice. This concept identifies innovative bottom-up strategies for alleviating social problems such as poverty and exclusion, in which principles of solidarity play a constitutive role.

自1992年以来，莫桑比克这个年轻的后殖民国家经历了一个深刻的政治过渡过程，从一个以前的社会主义国家转变为一个民主的民族国家，越来越多地呈现出新世袭的特征。由莫桑比克解放阵线领导的工会和合作社的影响力正在减弱，并得到民间社会行为者活动的补充，这些活动往往得到(国际)非政府组织的支持。马普托的首都及其人口稠密的周边地区在社会政治过渡进程中发挥着至关重要的作用。为了提供物质和社会文化必需品，城市周边空间在生活的许多领域导致了一种自我组织的影子存在。它们可以被视为一个实验室，在这个实验室中，民主正在从社会边缘向下过渡，发展进程正在上演，习惯当局和(非)国家行为者相互作用，创造了后殖民时期民间社会的一种具体治理形式。这里揭示了一种矛盾的心态：一方面，国家缺乏为所有公民提供城市基础设施和服务的意愿和/或能力，但另一方面，这为弱势群体和边缘群体提供了自决和增加自治权的选择。因此，子项目将把实证研究的重点放在KaMabukwana和Katebe两个城市周边地区的两个自组织集体上，并探讨他们作为非正式“服务提供者”在供水和社区花园农业食品生产领域的实践逻辑。因此，以资源为基础和以福利为导向的两种重要的城市公地实践形式岌岌可危，它们仍然构成许多非洲城市生活世界的组成部分。由于他们的生存实践，这些自组织的团体紧密地嵌入到他们各自的障碍和社区的社会空间中。该项目的首要研究问题是双重的：在提供这两种基本服务时的自我组织是否会破坏或增强国家机构在提供外围公共产品/服务方面的权威？从长远来看，它是否为有效地提供这些服务提供了一条途径？从概念上讲，该项目基于“等级阴影”的治理和以行动者为中心的机构方法，并在实践层面上使用社会创业的启发式方法。这一概念确定了缓解贫穷和排斥等社会问题的自下而上的创新战略，在这些战略中，团结原则发挥了重要作用。