Reframing episodic memory within its proper bounds: The role of non-perceptual factors in remembering

在适当的范围内重新构建情景记忆：非知觉因素在记忆中的作用

• 批准号: 419038924
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Markus Werning
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Philosopie der Sprache und Kognition
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/419038924?language=en
• 关键词: Reframing; episodic; memory; within; its

Episodic memory is traditionally conceived of as the remembering of events from one’s personal past, experienced with one’s own senses. However, hallucinations and dreams, vicarious experiences with other people, or even narrative experiences with literature, may all lead to memories that exhibit qualities typically considered to be indicative of episodic memory, such as vividness, sequentiality and a first-person perspective. Our project aims to account for this tension by arguing for a reframing of the boundaries of episodic memory as a natural kind. It does so through a naturalistic approach that compares the neurobiological features of both perception-based and certain non-perception-based memories. Specifically, these features are: (F1) the experience-like brain state that grounds the memory; (F2) the mechanism that constructs a scenario of the remembered event and reflects the immersive, sensorimotor and emotional character of the original experience; and, (F3) the minimal memory trace that acts as an appropriate causal link between the experience-like brain state and the remembering event and warrants the reliability and specificity of the memory.The comparison of these features raises a number of challenges that will be addressed through five work packages. In WP1, we assess the grounds to extend the natural kind of episodic memories to include cases that are not based on personal, perceptual experience. We understand a natural kind as the maximal class whose members are likely to share their properties because of some uniform underlying causal mechanism. WP2 addresses the factivity challenge, which is raised because memories based on non-veridical experiences are not grounded in actual events. In response, we develop a presuppositional account of factivity and explain reference relations in episodic memories in terms of referential parasitism. WP3 will elucidate how both perception- and non-perception-based memories, despite their phenomenological differences, feed into minimal memory traces by similar mechanisms. In WP4, we will develop an answer to how, in non-perception-based memories, the notion of memory perspective needs to be re-evaluated, by dissociating self from first-person perspective. Finally, in WP5, we will develop an embodied account that casts remembering in terms of an immersive, sensorimotor, and emotional scenario construction informed by a minimal trace and supplemented with semantic information, in contrast to prevailing imagistic views that conceive of memory as principally having sensory content. The results of these investigations will inform debates on the relation between memory and imagination. If it turns out that the natural kind of episodic memories needs extending, then our findings will have a potential impact on scientific study and clinical intervention contexts that target episodic memory.

情节记忆传统上被认为是对个人过去事件的记忆，用自己的感官经历。然而，幻觉和梦境，与他人的替代体验，甚至是与文学的叙事体验，都可能导致记忆表现出通常被认为是情景记忆的特征，如生动性，顺序性和第一人称视角。我们的项目旨在通过将情景记忆的边界重新定义为一种自然类型来解释这种紧张关系。它是通过一种自然主义的方法来实现的，这种方法比较了基于感知的记忆和某些非基于感知的记忆的神经生物学特征。具体而言，这些特征包括：（F1）记忆的基础是类似经验的大脑状态;（F2）记忆事件的情景构建机制，反映了原始经验的沉浸性、感觉运动性和情感性;并且，在本发明中，（F3）作为经验之间适当因果联系的最小记忆痕迹-像大脑状态和记忆事件，并保证记忆的可靠性和特异性。这些特征的比较提出了一些挑战，将通过五个工作包来解决。在WP 1中，我们评估了扩展自然情景记忆的基础，以包括不基于个人感知经验的情况。我们将自然类理解为最大类，其成员由于某种统一的潜在因果机制而可能共享其属性。WP 2解决了事实性挑战，这是因为基于非真实经验的记忆并不基于实际事件。作为回应，我们开发了一个预设帐户的factivity和解释的参照关系，在情节记忆的参照寄生。WP 3将阐明感知和非感知记忆，尽管它们的现象学差异，如何通过类似的机制进入最小的记忆痕迹。在WP 4中，我们将通过将自我与第一人称视角分离来回答如何在非感知记忆中重新评估记忆视角的概念。最后，在WP 5中，我们将发展一种具身的解释，它将记忆投射到一种沉浸式的、感觉运动的和情感的情景构建中，这种情景构建由最小的痕迹提供信息，并辅以语义信息，这与普遍的意象主义观点形成鲜明对比，意象主义观点认为记忆主要是感官内容。这些研究的结果将为关于记忆和想象之间关系的辩论提供信息。如果事实证明，自然类型的情景记忆需要扩展，那么我们的发现将对针对情景记忆的科学研究和临床干预背景产生潜在影响。