Calibrated pollen-based reconstruction of East African vegetation and landscape change throughout the entire existence of anatomically modern humans from the ~ 250,000 yr Lake Challa sediment record
根据约 25 万年查拉湖沉积物记录,基于花粉的校准重建了解剖学上现代人类整个存在过程中的东非植被和景观变化
基本信息
- 批准号:419205963
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Infrastructure Priority Programmes
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Long, continuous records of Quaternary palaeoecological change in Africa are rare, despite their importance for addressing palaeoclimatic, biogeographic, and evolutionary controversies in the tropics. This proposed project is part of an international project called DeepCHALLA which was granted funding for drilling operations by DFG Priority Program 1006 International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). The overarching scientific aim of DeepCHALLA is to improve our understanding of the temporal distribution and causes of climate variability (e.g. extreme drought) and the impact on vegetation in equatorial East Africa at inter-annual to millennial time. The ~215m long sediment core already drilled from Lake Challa, Tanzania/Kenya, preserves a ~250,000 years palaeoenvironmtal record, thus encompassing two complete glacial-interglacial cycles and the entire existence of anatomically modern humans.While the ICDP DeepCHALLA project will produce a climate reconstruction, this proposed DFG project will focus on long-term vegetation dynamics in response to this climate change, to elucidate which combination of climate factors most thoroughly influence temporal vegetation dynamics and thus spatial distribution during particular time windows. The principal objective is therefore to acquire a calibrated pollen record of continental ecosystem dynamics near the equator. The calibration (1) of palaeoenvironmental data contained in the Lake Challa pollen record will be achieved by the establishment of quantitative modern pollen–vegetation and pollen-climate relationships in different savanna vegetation, the establishment of the quantitative relationship between the composition of actual pollen rain recorded by the sediment trap in Lake Challa and the actual proportion of vegetation and the development of transfer functions relating modern pollen assemblages from the Kilimanjaro and Challa area directly to the climate. Further, the calibrated pollen-based reconstruction (2) of past vegetation dynamics for equatorial Africa over the past 250,000 years will allow the investigation of long-term biodiversity patterns and ecological dynamics of a tropical savanna (grassland-woodland) ecosystem in response to changes in atmospheric CO2, temperature, moisture balance, and fire.The results of this project will show exactly how often, when, and how much the East African landscape has changed throughout the entire existence of anatomically modern humans. Specifically, documentation of the magnitude and geographical distribution of severe drought episodes across tropical Africa is critical to reconstruct why our ancestors decided - or felt forced - to expand from their African homeland into the Middle East and Eurasia ~100,000 years ago.
非洲第四纪古生态变化的长期、连续记录是罕见的,尽管它们对于解决热带地区的古气候、地理和进化争议很重要。这个拟议的项目是一个名为DeepCHALLA的国际项目的一部分,该项目获得了DFG优先计划1006国际大陆钻探计划(ICDP)的钻井作业资金。DeepCHALLA的首要科学目标是提高我们对气候变异性(例如极端干旱)的时间分布和原因以及在年际至千年时间对赤道东非植被的影响的理解。从坦桑尼亚/肯尼亚查拉湖钻取的约215米长的沉积物岩心保存了约25万年的古生物记录,因此包含了两个完整的冰川-间冰期循环和解剖学上现代人类的全部存在。ICDP DeepCHALLA项目将重建气候,而拟议的DFG项目将重点关注长期植被动态对气候变化的响应。阐明气候因素的组合最彻底地影响时间植被动态,从而在特定的时间窗口的空间分布。因此,主要目标是获得一个校准的花粉记录的大陆生态系统的动态赤道附近。通过在不同的稀树草原植被中建立定量的现代花粉-植被和花粉-气候关系,在查拉湖沉积物收集器记录的实际花粉雨成分与植被的实际比例之间建立定量关系,并建立与之相关的传递函数现代花粉组合从基利曼哈罗和查拉地区直接到气候。此外,对过去25万年来赤道非洲过去植被动态的校准花粉重建(2)将允许调查热带稀树草原的长期生物多样性模式和生态动态(草地-林地)生态系统对大气CO2、温度、水分平衡和火灾变化的反应。该项目的结果将准确显示,以及在解剖学意义上的现代人类存在的整个过程中,东非的景观发生了多大的变化。具体而言,记录非洲热带地区严重干旱事件的规模和地理分布对于重建我们的祖先为什么决定-或感到被迫-从非洲家园扩展到中东和欧亚大陆至关重要。
项目成果
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Professor Dr. Hermann Behling, since 8/2021其他文献
Professor Dr. Hermann Behling, since 8/2021的其他文献
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