Degradation and behaviour of plastics and microplastic particles in technical systems of water and waste management (C05+)

子项目C05的目的是调查塑料作为微塑料(MP)从技术工厂进入环境的一条重要途径。同时，将探索一种新的方法，通过避免或减少MP来改善商品塑料的环境兼容性。为此，聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚异戊二烯和聚氯乙烯的表面性质将通过(原位)生物膜形成促进剂进行改性，从而使塑料在工艺条件下可进行生物降解。在这一概念之后，商品塑料在MP颗粒的形成方面也可以变得与环境相容。有了这一点，子项目C05超越了对技术工厂和环境中MP的描述性研究。在子项目C05中，关于用于废物和废水管理的技术工厂中的MP颗粒，将讨论以下中心问题：1.植物中是否发生特殊的降解过程？2.塑料颗粒的性质、组成、大小、形态和涂层对植物中的降解过程有什么影响？3.在植物之前或在植物中通过控制颗粒表面的改性可以加速生物降解吗？4.改良颗粒在环境中，特别是在土壤中的扩散将产生什么生态后果？

The aim of sub-project C05 is the investigation of an important entry path for plastics from technical plants into the environment as microplastic (MP). Simultaneously a new approach will be explored for improved environmental compatibility of commodity plastics by avoidance or reduction of MP. For this purpose the surface properties of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyisoprene and poly(vinyl chloride) will be modified by accelerators (in situ) for biofilm formation and thereby make the plastic under process conditions available for biodegradation. Following this concept also commodity plastics could become environmentally compatible with regard to MP-particle formation. With this the sub-project C05 reaches out beyond the descriptive studies on MP in technical plants and the environment. The following central questions will be addressed in sub-project C05 with respect to MP-particles in technical plants for waster- and wastewater management: 1. Are in plants special degradation processes occuring? 2. What is the impact of the nature of the material, the composition, the size, the morphology and coatings of plastic particles on degradation processes in the plants? 3. Can the biodegradation be accelerated by controlled modification of particle surface before or in the plants? 4. What ecological consequence will have the spreading of modified particles in environment, in particular to soil?