Opening and exploitation of a typical landscape in the Don forest steppe during the 3rd mill. BC

第三磨坊期间，顿河森林草原典型景观的开放和开发。

• 批准号: 421312759
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Elke Kaiser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/421312759?language=en
• 关键词: Opening; exploitation; typical; landscape; Don

The project will investigate a microregion in the forest steppe zone of European Russia. It will contribute to our knowledge about the subsistence basis, the exploitation of the surrounding environment and the mobility patterns of the pastoralists in the forest steppe in the 2nd half of the 3rd mill BC, about which researchers still know very little, notwithstanding the fact that this period and these regions figure prominently in discourse about the emergence of mobile pastoralism. The project centres around the site Ksizovo № 1(close to the modern village Ksizovo), 500 km south of Moscow. Ksizovo № 1 reveals only one cultural layer, dated using absolute methods to 2600–2300 cal BC. Finds from this layer include ceramic fragments characteristic of the regional Don variant of the Catacomb culture. As third mill. BC settlements in the steppe or forest steppe containing only a single cultural layer are quite rare, the investigation of Ksizovo № 1 has the potential to be extremely rewarding. Recognizing that it is essential to study the site as thoroughly as possible, and thus to obtain as much varied and revealing data as possible, including both proxy and archaeological data, this project will intensify, supplement and support the excavation that already began there in 2014. It will pursue a rigorous multidisciplinary approach during and flanking the excavation and in the analysis and interpretation of all results. Thus, geomorphological, sedimentological research and archaeobotanical (incl. complementary phytolith analysis) analyses will generate proxy data on seasonal mobility and the subsistence basis of the inhabitants. Organic residue analysis of a pilot series of pottery sherds will give us insight into the diet of the inhabitants; within another pilot study, the oxygen and strontium isotope ratios in sequentially sampled cattle teeth might reveal patterns providing insight into seasonal movements of mobile pastoralists. Ksizovo № 1 is located between the upper course of the river Don and its tributary Snova and is only one of eight settlements in the microregion that were inhabited during the second half of the 3rd mill. BC. The microregion also contains two flat grave cemeteries of the Catacomb culture. The project will include a review of all of the materials found during excavation and field walking at all of these sites. The assessment of the material culture from them will allow their synchronisation. If, as we presume to be the case, at least some of them existed contemporaneously, the possibility exists that these settlements were used seasonally by a single population. Combining the results of the archaeological investigations with the results of the natural science analyses culminate in the development of models concerning the spatial organisation in the region in this particular period.

该项目将调查俄罗斯欧洲森林草原区的一个小区域。这将有助于我们了解生存基础，周围环境的开发和流动模式的牧民在森林草原在下半年的第3个世纪BC，研究人员仍然知之甚少，尽管事实上，这一时期和这些地区的数字突出的出现移动的畜牧业的话语。该项目以Ksizovo 101（靠近现代村庄Ksizovo）为中心，位于莫斯科以南500公里处。Ksizovo 101只揭示了一个文化层，使用绝对方法可以追溯到公元前2600-2300 cal。从这一层发现包括陶瓷碎片的特点，区域唐变异的地下墓穴文化。作为第三个磨坊。公元前定居点在草原或森林草原只包含一个单一的文化层是相当罕见的，Ksizovo的调查有可能是非常有益的。 认识到必须尽可能彻底地研究该遗址，从而获得尽可能多的各种各样的揭示性数据，包括代用数据和考古数据，该项目将加强、补充和支持2014年已经开始的挖掘工作。它将在挖掘过程中和挖掘过程中以及在分析和解释所有结果时采取严格的多学科方法。因此，地貌学，沉积学研究和考古植物学（包括。补充植硅体分析）的分析将产生关于季节性流动和居民生计基础的代用数据。一个试点系列的陶器碎片的有机残留物分析将让我们深入了解居民的饮食，在另一个试点研究中，在连续采样的牛牙齿中的氧和锶同位素比例可能会揭示模式，提供洞察季节性运动的移动的牧民。Ksizovo 101位于顿河上游和其支流Snova之间，是第三个磨坊后半期居住的八个定居点之一。公元前该小区还包含两个地下墓穴文化的平坦坟墓墓地。该项目将包括审查在所有这些地点挖掘和实地行走期间发现的所有材料。对它们的物质文化的评估将使它们同步。如果像我们假定的那样，其中至少有一些是同时代存在的，那么这些定居点有可能是由一个单一的人口季节性使用的。结合考古调查的结果与自然科学分析的结果，最终在该地区在这一特定时期的空间组织模型的发展。