Smelly plovers: communication, concealment and antisepsis

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One of the well-known facts in avian biology is that the majority of birds possess a preen (or uropygial) gland on the dorsal side at the base of the tail. The waxy secretion of this gland has long been thought to aid waterproofing and the physical integrity of the feathers. However, recent research suggests that the function of these secretions is a lot more diverse and exciting than previously thought, with the chemical composition of the secretion as well as the size of the gland varying seasonally. Here we propose to test novel evolutionary hypotheses for preen gland use, including its impact on chemical communication, chemical camouflage and the protection of eggs against microbial infection, using state-of-the art chemical and microbiological analyses combined with detailed field experiments. Our work will not only provide new insights into the sensory ecology of avian scent, but will establish the significance of scent for survival and reproduction.