Pesticide effects at the edge? Implications of downstream agrochemical pollution for organisms in refugia

农药效果处于边缘？

• 批准号: 421742160
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ralf B. Schäfer, since 1/2020
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zentrum für Wasser- und Umweltforschung (ZWU)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/421742160?language=en
• 关键词: Pesticide; effects; edge; Implications; downstream

Based on several studies in the last two decades, it is relatively well established that pesticides shape invertebrate assemblages in streams, with an increase in the relative abundance of tolerant taxa. Our understanding of the response and long-term consequences of toxicant effects is still deficient with respect to spatial dynamics and adaptation processes. Genetic adaptations to pesticides in terms of tolerance may propagate to non-polluted patches as shown in modelling studies. However, empirical studies on the potential of downstream effects of pesticide pollution to propagate to organisms in non-polluted upstream sections are scarce. In this project, we will examine for different invertebrates to which extent pesticide effects can propagate to organisms in refugia. The project profits from a nationwide pesticide monitoring programme (Implementation of the national monitoring of small water bodies for pesticides) that provides high quality pesticide data, high resolution physicochemical data as well as assemblage data on invertebrates and diatoms without extra costs. We will sample three invertebrate species, including a gammarid, a trichopteran and an ephemeropteran, in agricultural sites with high pesticide toxicity and in refugia at two distances (edge of refugia and further upstream). Using rapid tests, we will determine the tolerance of the invertebrates, which will enable us to evaluate potential adaptations. Moreover, we will determine the genetic diversity and energy reserves in gammarids. We hypothesise that the adaptation reduces genetic diversity and that this propagates to non-polluted patches at the edge of the refugium. Moreover, following the concept of resource allocation, we assume that a higher tolerance is associated with higher allocation of energy to defence mechanisms, resulting in lower energy reserves compared to less tolerant organisms. Overall, this research project will add considerably to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying a higher tolerance observed in polluted habitat patches in a previous study (Shahid et al. 2018) and it will advance our assessment of the costs of pollution for organisms and populations in non-polluted areas.

基于在过去二十年的几项研究，它是相对完善的，农药形状的无脊椎动物组合在流中，增加了相对丰富的耐受类群。我们对毒物影响的反应和长期后果的理解在空间动态和适应过程方面仍然不足。如模型研究所示，在耐受性方面对农药的遗传适应可能会传播到未受污染的斑块。然而，农药污染的下游影响的潜力，传播到非污染的上游部分的生物体的实证研究很少。在这个项目中，我们将研究不同的无脊椎动物在多大程度上农药的影响可以传播到生物在避难所。该项目受益于全国农药监测计划（实施全国小型水体农药监测），该计划提供高质量的农药数据、高分辨率的物理化学数据以及无脊椎动物和硅藻的聚集数据，无需额外费用。我们将采样三个无脊椎动物物种，包括钩蛾，毛翅目和蜉蝣目，在农业用地高农药毒性和避难所在两个距离（边缘避难所和进一步上游）。使用快速测试，我们将确定无脊椎动物的耐受性，这将使我们能够评估潜在的适应性。此外，我们将确定的遗传多样性和能源储备的gammarids。我们假设，适应减少了遗传多样性，这传播到非污染补丁的避难所的边缘。此外，根据资源分配的概念，我们假设较高的耐受性与较高的能量分配给防御机制相关，导致较低的能量储备相比，耐受性较低的生物体。总的来说，这项研究项目将大大增加对先前研究中在污染栖息地斑块中观察到的更高耐受性的机制的理解（Shahid et al. 2018），并将推进我们对非污染地区生物和种群污染成本的评估。