Mistakes and retrial in criminal proceedings

刑事诉讼中的错误和再审

• 批准号: 422235911
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Karsten Altenhain
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen e.V. (KFN)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/422235911?language=en
• 关键词: Mistakes; retrial; criminal; proceedings

The aim of the project is to gain insights into the following aspects: a) errors that can lead to a wrongful conviction in a criminal trial, b) decision-making practice in retrial proceedings and c) the related question of whether certain errors are more difficult to assert than others due to the requirements of the retrial proceedings. On the basis of these findings, proposals for procedures and regulations are to be developed which contribute to avoiding erroneous decisions as far as possible, or which are suitable for being able to uncover potential errors retrospectively. On the basis of a representative sample of motions to reopen from all federal states, a quantitative file analysis will first examine what kind of errors are claimed and what circumstances evoke errors or lead to errors not being recognised. Furthermore, the procedure will be examined and it will be investigated by whom the motions for reopening were initiated (e.g. convicted persons, lawyers, third parties) and how the motions for reopening were settled in the adition, probation and new main proceedings. In addition, selected rejected motions for reopening will also be analysed qualitatively in order to examine how new errors are brought forward. The partners in the consortium will each take on a part of the analysis with regard to different categories of errors. In addition, an analysis of the interpretation and application of the right to a retrial will be carried out on the basis of a selection of rejected motions, and an analysis of the new judgements will be carried out on the basis of cases in which new main proceedings were initiated, with regard to the role that the errors complained of played in the new judgements. The file analyses mentioned above are supplemented by interviews with experts who focus in particular on the run-up to the motions for reopening.

该项目的目的是深入了解以下几个方面：（a）在刑事审判中可能导致错误定罪的错误，（B）重审程序中的决策做法，以及（c）是否由于重审程序的要求，某些错误比其他错误更难断言的相关问题。在这些调查结果的基础上，将制定有助于尽可能避免错误决定的程序和条例建议，或适合于能够追溯发现潜在错误的建议。在所有联邦州重新开放的动议的代表性样本的基础上，定量文件分析将首先检查什么样的错误被声称，什么情况下引起错误或导致错误不被承认。此外，还将审查这一程序，并将调查重新审理的动议是由谁提出的（例如，被定罪人、律师、第三方），以及重新审理的动议是如何在引渡、缓刑和新的主要诉讼程序中得到解决的。此外，还将对某些被拒绝的重开动议进行定性分析，以审查新的错误是如何产生的。联合体的合作伙伴将各自对不同类别的错误进行部分分析。此外，还将根据一些被驳回的动议，对重审权的解释和适用进行分析，并将根据启动新的主要诉讼程序的案件，对新判决进行分析，分析所申诉的错误在新判决中的作用。对上述档案分析的补充是与专家的访谈，这些专家特别侧重于重新审理动议的准备阶段。