Beryllium Chemistry

由于铍及其化合物的毒性，其化学性质明显不发达。因此，该项目的主要目的是显著增加对铍化学的理解。由于铍的电负性比其他金属高，铍元素键表现出高共价含量。再加上d轨道的缺失，这导致了一个不寻常的电子构型。因此，铍化合物在许多教科书中被用来说明成键的情况和模型。但实际上，人们对铍元素的化学键知之甚少。因此，有机铍化合物和铍与路易斯碱配合物的结构、稳定性和反应性将在固态和溶液中进行研究。这将有助于更广泛地了解铍化合物的结构和它们的反应性之间的关系。通过对合成铍化合物的动态配体交换过程的光谱研究，可以全面了解其潜在的机制以及电子和空间对溶液中配体交换的影响。这被认为是必不可少的，一方面，更准确地估计和利用反应性，另一方面，更好地了解铍在人体内的配位化学及其“毒性”。铍配合物的路易斯酸度将被广泛研究。铍原子的极高电荷密度保证了具有极化键的小分子的高活性。利用be -c键相对较高的稳定性，应合成N-Be-和p - be -螯合配体。通过给电子和接受电子配位的结合，预测了富电子主基团和过渡金属化合物的稳定性。到目前为止，人们还不清楚铍是如何在体内运输的，以及它们是如何结合的。因此，氨基酸、糖和磷酸酯的铍配合物将被研究。然后研究特异性合成的寡肽的配位性质，以获得蛋白质选择性结合的知识。这有望更好地了解金属诱导的免疫反应，尽管这些反应在疫苗接种中对铝基佐剂起着主要作用，但人们对金属诱导的免疫反应知之甚少。最后，研究结果将用于制备铍选择性配体，该配体可用于螯合治疗和废水处理。

Due to the alleged toxicity of beryllium and its compounds, its chemistry is significantly underdeveloped. Therefore, the main aim of this project is to significantly increase the understanding of beryllium chemistry.Beryllium element bonds exhibit a highly covalent content due to the high electronegativity of beryllium in comparison to other metals. In combination with the lack of d-orbitals this result in an unusual electronic configuration. Thus beryllium compounds are used in many textbooks to illustrate bonding situations and models. But in reality there is little known about beryllium-element bonds. Therefore, the structure, stability and reactivity of organoberyllium compounds and of beryllium complexes with Lewis-bases will be investigated in the solid state and in solution. This will contribute to a more extensive understanding of the relation between the structure of beryllium compounds and their reactivity.Through the spectroscopic investigation of dynamic ligand exchange processes at the synthesized beryllium compounds, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism and of the electronic and steric influence on the ligand exchange in solution shall be obtained. This is regarded as essential to, on the one hand, estimate and harness the reactivity more precisely and, on the other hand, to better understand the beryllium coordination chemistry in the human body and herewith its “toxicity”.The Lewis-acidity of beryllium complexes will be studied extensively. The extremely high charge density at the beryllium atom promises high activity in the activation of small molecules with polarized bonds. Utilizing the relatively high stability of the Be-C-bond, N-Be- and P-Be-chelate ligands ought to be synthesized. Through the combination of electron-donating and –accepting coordination sites, the stabilization of electron-rich main group and transition metal compounds is anticipated.So far it is unclear how beryllium species are transported through the body and how they are bound. Therefore, beryllium complexes of amino acids, sugars and phosphoric acid esters will be investigated. Afterwards the coordination properties of specifically synthesized oligopeptides shall be studied to obtain knowledge about the selective binding in proteins. This promises a better understanding of metal induced immune reactions, which are poorly understood, even though these play a major role for aluminium based adjuvants in vaccinations. Finally, the gained findings will be used to prepare beryllium selective ligands, which can be applied in chelate therapy and for the treatment of waste water.