The value of one's own four walls: building dynamics and socio-economic changes of private architecture in Pompeii (3rd century BC - 1st century AD)

通过买房，人们不仅想要满足对合适居住条件的需求，而且想要进行有利可图的投资。通过修改、扩建、细分、出租和转换，私有财产甚至可以进一步促进资本增长。这些以资本主义和市场为基础的房屋对每个现代房主来说都是显而易见的。然而，它在古罗马时期是怎样的呢？罗马房主对“自己四面墙的价值”有什么理解？这个问题是本项目的出发点，该项目涉及古代庞贝私有财产所有权的建筑和社会经济动态。由于庞贝古城异常密集和一致的发现，为回答这些问题提供了独特的机会。第一次，在详细分析建筑发现的基础上，系统地重构了私人房地产行业的战略。此外，对私有财产的修改也将在其与整个城市结构的历史互惠性中得到阐明，而不是像以前那样局限于单个建筑综合体或特定类型的建筑。作为一个跨学科的项目，包括考古学、经济和法律史以及碑文的数据。此外，还应用了专门为该项目开发的方法，该方法定义了精确的平面基本类型学，可用于识别和评估空间组织和使用变化的总体趋势。具体来说，出现了以下问题：如何系统地审查城市私有财产的库存与整个城市结构的关系？随着时间的推移，可以检测到面积和建筑体量和/或空间使用的哪些变化？哪些适当的研究方法可以用来实现可靠的重建财产边界的原始过程，并确定后续变化的动机？关于公元前3世纪到公元79年间城市结构的变化，我们可以得出什么结论？私有财产的物质转化在社会、经济和法律层面上的后果是什么？因此，该项目的中心目标是以庞贝为例，了解私人土地形成过程中的社会经济动机。出发点是对公元79年私有土地的空间分布和功能组织的识别，同时也考虑了建筑反映社会现实的潜力（Simmel 1903; Bourdieu 1985, 1991）。从这个新的角度来看，该项目侧重于城市居民投资和保持城市土地所有权的动机。

By buying a house, one often wants to satisfy not only the need for suitable living conditions, but also invest one’s money profitably. Through modifications, expansions, subdivisions, lettings and conversions, private property can thus even contribute to further capital growth. These capitalist- and market-based premises might be quite obvious to every modern homeowner. However, how was it in Roman antiquity? What understanding of the "value of one's own four walls" did a Roman homeowner have?This question is the starting point for the present project, which deals with the building- and socio-economic dynamics of private property ownership in ancient Pompeii. Because of its exceptionally dense and consistent findings, Pompeii offers unique opportunities to answer these questions. For the first time, strategies of the private real estate industry are systematically reconstructed, based on a detailed analysis of architectural findings. In addition, modifications to private property will also be illuminated in their historical reciprocity with the entire urban structure and not - as before - remain limited to a single building complex or a specific type of building. As an interdisciplinary project, data from archaeology, economic and legal history as well as epigraphy are included. Moreover, a methodology developed specifically for this project is applied, which defines precise planimetrical basic typologies that can be used to identify and evaluate general trends in spatial organization and usage change.Concretely, the following questions arise: How can the inventory of urban private property be systematically scrutinized in relation to the overall urban fabric? What changes in area and architectural volumes and / or space usage can be detected over time? Which adequate research methodology can be used to achieve a reliable reconstruction of the original course of the property boundaries and identify the motives of subsequent changes? What conclusions can be drawn from this concerning the changes in the city structure between the 3rd century BC and 79 AD? What are the consequences of the material transformation of private property on a social, economic and legal level?The central aim of this project is thus to understand the socio-economic motives for the shaping process of private land, using the example of Pompeii. Starting point is the identification of spatial distribution and functional organization of private land in 79 AD, which also considers the potential of architecture to reflect social realities (Simmel 1903; Bourdieu 1985, 1991). From this new perspective, the project focuses on the motivations of city dwellers to invest in and maintain urban land ownership.