权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

植物珪酸体分析による過去の熱帯雨林構成種の推定

基于植物硅酸盐分析估计过去的热带雨林物种

基本信息

批准号：
14654157
负责人：
山倉拓夫
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

本研究は植物珪酸体分析により,熱帯雨林構成種の局所的置換の解明法を開発することを目的とする.本年度11,12月にマレーシア国サラワク州の熱帯雨林で,前年度に続いて現地調査を行った.2年の研究期間で得た成果および暫定的結論を以下に記す.1)落葉散布様式既設の52ha調査区に優占するフタバガキ科竜脳樹の中から,孤立状態の大径木5個体を抽出し,トラップを用いて落葉散布様式を調べた.当該種は微風(落葉データからの推定平均風速0.3〜0.5m/sec)の卓越する5〜7月の乾季に落葉を集中させた.個体の根元からの距離20m以内に個体総落葉量の95%が落下し,落葉起原の植物珪酸体の土壌中への集積と当該種の個体の住み場所が誤差20m程度で対応することが解った.2)落葉データベース樹木の落葉散布様式の詳細を把握するため,竜脳樹を含む62種の樹木から各10枚の落葉を採集し,落下速度,形態特性を測定し,落葉データベースを構築した.運動方程式を基に,落下物体の空気抵抗の推定法を開発し,その成果を学会大会(山倉ら2003)及び学術誌に発表した(山倉ら2003).落下速度の2乗に比例する空気抵抗係数は平均0.893となった.3)植物珪酸体ライブラリー落下速度を測定した62種の樹木の落葉,スゲ科植物,イネ植物の標本を日本に持ち帰った.これまでに28種の樹木の植物珪酸体を分析し,落棒状,球状,非晶質の珪酸体を見出した.竜脳樹のそれは非晶質で,形態は日本のブナ科植物のそれに類似していた.また被食防衛物質としての珪酸体の働きが示唆された.分析は途上にあるものの,特殊な種を除けば,フタバガキ科では種特異的な形を持つ植物珪酸体は少ないと思われた.[結論]フタバガキ科の植物珪酸体の形態に種特異的といえるものは少ないようであるが,限定された種については熱帯雨林構成種の局所的置換を推定し得る可能性がある.

In this study, plant acid bodies were analyzed, and the rainforest was formed into a local understanding method. In November and December of this year, there was a rainforest in the eastern provinces of the country, and in the previous year, the results of the study were reviewed during the two-year period. The following is a record of the following. 1) falling 52ha distribution area occupies the middle of the rainforest, and 5 bodies of large diameter trees are isolated. Let's see if you want to spread it in a way that you like it. When several kinds of microclimate (the average speed 0.3~0.5m/sec is presumed to be high), the weather is concentrated in the dry season from May to July. Within the distance of 20m, 95% of the total volume falls, and when the difference between the two sites is 20m, there is a difference of 20m in the original plant and acid soil. 2) the drop tree is distributed to grasp the location of the tree, and the device contains 10 copies of each of the 62 blocks of the tree. The falling speed, the shape property is measured, and the falling speed is measured. The basis of the motion equation, the deduction method of air resistance of falling objects, the General meeting of the Association for the Evaluation of results (Mountain 2003), and the list of learning journals (Mountain 2003). Falling speed "2" ratio "empty" resistance "average" 0.893 "" 3) plant acid body "falling" speed measurement "62"wood" fall, "family" plants, "plants" standard "Japanese" hold "." The acid bodies of plants are analyzed in the form of falling rod, globular, amorphous acid body. The shape of the plant is similar to that of the family Euphorbiaceae. The food was used to prevent food. There was no acid in the body. Analyze the shape of the plant, the acid body, the [results] the plant acid bodies of the family Lepidoptera are known to have different morphological characteristics, so as to limit the possibility of the formation of rainforests into rainforests.