Modernity, Migration and Minorities: Three Case Studies of Arabic in Contact

现代性、移民和少数民族：阿拉伯语接触的三个案例研究

• 批准号: 429257272
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Valentina Serreli, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Arabistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/429257272?language=en
• 关键词: Modernity; Migration; Minorities; Three; Case

The intimate relation between variation and change was one of the "founding" ideas of Labov’s quantitative approach to sociolinguistics, and it continues to inform much research in the field. The current project continues this tradition examining three situations which, are exemplary not only for their intrinsic sociolinguistic value, but also for their special status within a rapidly changing modern world. Large scale migration increasingly brings populations into contact with new sociolinguistic environments whose linguistic effects are palpable, but often unappreciated and underdescribed. Within the overarching unity of Arabic, three detailed case studies will be examined using classic comparative sociolinguistic methodology based on large-scale oral corpora. Two of the case studies deal with populations which have been displaced from their homelands and into new linguistic environments. Large numbers of Syrian and Iraqi refugees moved to Germany between 2015-18, and similarly large numbers of rural Nigerian Arabs in the wake of the Bokko Haram insurgency beginning in 2011 were forced out of their home areas and into refugee camps, inter alia in Maiduguri in NE Nigeria. In the third case of Siwan Berbers it is large-scale immigration of Egyptian outsiders into the Siwa Oasis since 1980 which has created new sociolinguistic realities. Whereas among older speakers the model of L2 Arabic was a Shahibat Bedouin dialect close to Eastern Libyan Arabic, for younger ones Egyptian (Cairene) is becoming the dominant model. Using the classic "apparent time" construct to ascertain degree of change within a speech community, demographically stratified corpora from each variety will be recorded, transcribed, and subjected to standard quantitative sociolinguistic analysis. In the case of Nigeria and Siwa one dialectal/ethnic group will be studied whereas for Germany, Iraqi and Syrian Arabs will be treated initially at least as separate populations. While each sociolinguistic context is different, language contact is typically associated either with dialect/language maintenance/shift or koineization, and these constructs inform the current project. It is hypothesized that koineization will be the outcome of the Nigerian and German situations, with younger speakers leading the adaptation to new norms defined by local realities. On the other hand, in the Siwa Oasis for Arabic L2 Siwan Berbers cross-generational comparison is expected to document a shift from a Bedouin to Egyptian (Cairene-like) L2 Arabic. An added dimension of interest is the status of all three groups as minority ones, which might, for instance, influence how a koineized variety develops. This tightly controlled, empirically-conceived study promises to expand our understanding of the many factors impinging on the dynamics of spoken Arabic in the contemporary world, and to embed it within the larger domain of migration, contact and language change.

变异和变化之间的密切关系是拉波夫社会语言学量化方法的“创始”思想之一，它继续为该领域的许多研究提供信息。目前的项目延续了这一传统，考察了三种情况，这三种情况不仅因为它们固有的社会语言学价值，而且因为它们在快速变化的现代世界中的特殊地位而具有示范性。大规模的移民使人们越来越多地接触到新的社会语言环境，这些环境的语言影响是显而易见的，但往往没有得到重视和描述。在阿拉伯语的统一性范围内，将使用以大规模口头语料库为基础的经典比较社会语言学方法审查三个详细的案例研究。其中两个案例研究涉及背井离乡并进入新的语言环境的人口。2015-18年间，大批叙利亚和伊拉克难民移居德国，2011年开始的博科圣地叛乱之后，同样有大量尼日利亚农村阿拉伯人被迫离开家园，进入难民营，特别是在尼日利亚东北部的迈杜古里。在锡旺柏柏尔人的第三个案例中，自1980年以来埃及外来者大规模移民到锡瓦绿洲，创造了新的社会语言现实。尽管在年长的讲阿拉伯语的人中，二语阿拉伯语的模式是一种接近利比亚东部阿拉伯语的沙希巴特·贝都因方言，但对于年轻人来说，埃及语(凯恩)正在成为主导模式。使用经典的“表观时间”结构来确定语言社区内的变化程度，每种语种的人口统计分层语料库将被记录、转录并接受标准的定量社会语言学分析。在尼日利亚和锡瓦，将研究一个方言/民族群体，而对于德国，伊拉克和叙利亚的阿拉伯人将至少在一开始被视为不同的人口。虽然每种社会语言语境都不同，但语言接触通常与方言/语言保持/转换或科尼化联系在一起，这些结构为当前的项目提供了信息。据推测，科尼化将是尼日利亚和德国情况的结果，由较年轻的发言者带头适应当地现实定义的新规范。另一方面，在锡瓦绿洲，阿拉伯L2锡旺柏柏尔人的跨代比较预计将证明从贝都因人到埃及(类似凯恩)的L2阿拉伯语的转变。另一个令人感兴趣的方面是，这三个群体作为少数群体的地位，例如，这可能会影响一个锦鸡化品种的发展。这项严格控制、经验性构思的研究有望扩大我们对影响当代世界阿拉伯语口语动态的诸多因素的理解，并将其嵌入移民、接触和语言变化等更大的领域。