Socio-geographic Research of Depopulated Areas from the Viewpoint of Life Behaviors and Life Cycle

生命行为和生命周期视角下的人口稀少地区社会地理学研究

• 批准号: 01450109
• 负责人: UKITA Tsuneyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Kwansei Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01450109/
• 关键词: Depopulated area; Socio-geography; Life cycle; Life behavior; Remote island; Mountain village; Return of population; Uタ-ン

This research has investigated the problems arising in Japanese rural areas through depopulation since 1960s. With the rapid economic growth in Japan, we saw the flow of younger generation and sometimes whole families migrate from villages in mountainous regions and on remote islands to the metropolitan areas seeking higher incomes. The decrease in population caused difficulties in maintaining the economic viability of agriculture, forestry and fishery. Moreover, community services, such as education, medical care and fire prevention facilities have become unviable due to the rural depopulation. In recent years, despite the less remarkable decrease in population compared to that in 1960s and the first half of 1970s, several new problems have arisen in depopulated areas as follows.1. The rapid growth of the rate of aged persons in depopulated areas is especially noticeable.2. Recently there are some aged people who wish to return to their home villages to spend their retirement there. This tendency has been accelerating the growth of the aged population.3. Further research on a remote island in Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, has shown that the decrease in, and aging of population on the island have influenced fishing method.4. With the exodus of rural youth, it has been noticed in some villages that the period and the content of traditional festivals have been disrupted.5. The research in a mountaineous depopulated area of Shimane Prefecture has shown that public bus services became unviable and municipalities operate bus services by themselves for the welfare of residents.

本研究调查了自20世纪60年代以来日本农村地区因人口减少而出现的问题。随着日本经济的快速增长，我们看到年轻一代，有时是整个家庭从山区和偏远岛屿的村庄迁移到大都市地区，寻求更高的收入。人口减少给维持农业、林业和渔业的经济活力造成困难。此外，由于农村人口减少，教育、医疗保健和防火设施等社区服务已无法维持。近年来，尽管人口的减少与20世纪60年代和70年代上半期相比没有那么明显，但在人口稀少的地区出现了以下几个新问题。人口稀少地区老年人比率的迅速增长尤其令人不安。最近有一些老年人希望回到家乡养老。这一趋势加速了老年人口的增长。对九州岛长崎县的一个偏远岛屿的进一步研究表明，岛上人口的减少和老龄化影响了捕鱼方法。随着农村青年的外流，人们注意到在一些村庄，传统节日的时间和内容已经被打乱。在岛根县一个人口稀少的山区进行的研究表明，公共巴士服务变得不可行，市政府为了居民的福利自行经营巴士服务。