Anthropological Study of the Edo Era Skeletons

江户时代是与现代日本最接近的一个时期。江户时代的人被分为四个等级，称为“四能国一。e.武士、农民、工匠和商人”。在东京挖掘出许多骷髅。长冈领主的骨架是从Saikaiji寺挖掘出来的。该骨架被认为是在芝口园1丁目遗址和天德寺挖掘出的武士。被认为是镇民的骨架是在川区的上库鲁马坂町和汤岛门坂挖掘出来的。铃木（1951）报道了镰仓时代的骨骼，森田（1950）报道了现代日本头骨的测量结果。我们将江户时代的骨骼与镰仓时代和现代日本人的骨骼进行了比较。以下类别是Kamikurumasaka和Yusima头骨之间非常接近的平均值：最大颅长、颅长宽指数、面长、上面部宽、两颧宽、中面部宽、上面部指数（Kollmann）、眼眶指数、鼻宽和鼻指数。芝口园和天王寺颅骨的最大颅长、颅长宽指数、上面部宽度、双眶指数和中面部指数基本相同。有些范畴具有时代性的连续性。

Edo era is a most nearest period to modern Japanese. Edo era people were divided four classes called "si-nou-kou-syo i. e. samurai, farmers, artisan and merchant". Many skeletons were excavated in Tokyo. The skeleton of the lord of Nagaoka were excavated from the Saikaiji-temple. The skeleton was regarded as the samurai were excavated at Shiba-kouen 1-chome site and the Tentokuji-temple. The skeleton regarded the town people were excavated at Kamikurumasaka-machi and Yushima-muenzaka at Fukagawa district. Suzuki (1951) reported the Kamakura era skeleton and Morita (1950) reported the Modern Japanese skull measurements. We compared the edo era skeleton to Kamakura era and Modern Jananese skeleton. The following categories are very near mean values between Kamikurumasaka and Yusima skulls : maximum cranial length, cranial length-breadth index, facial length, upper facial breadth, bizygomaticbreadth, middle facial breadth, upper facial index (Kollmann), orbital index, nasal breadth and nasal index. Shiba-kouen and Tentokuji-temple skulls take almost same value at maximum cranial length, cranial length-breadth index, upper facial breadth, bi-orbital index and middle facial index. Some categories takes serial shape as era.