Anthropological Study of the Edo Era Skeletons

江户时代是最接近现代日语的时期。江户时代的人被分为四个阶层，即武士、农民、工匠和商人。在东京出土了许多骷髅。长冈王的骨架是在斋海寺出土的。这具被认为是武士的骸骨出土于石巴馆1家遗址和天德寺。城人骨架出土于深川地区的上仓坂町和鱼岛村坂。铃木（1951）报告了镰仓时代的骨骼，森田（1950）报告了现代日本的头骨测量。我们将江户时代的骨骼与镰仓时代和现代日本人的骨骼进行了比较。以下类别在Kamikurumasaka和Yusima头骨之间非常接近平均值：最大颅骨长度，颅骨长宽指数，面部长度，上面部宽度，颧宽，中面部宽度，上面部指数（Kollmann），眶指数，鼻宽和鼻指数。在最大颅长、颅长宽指数、上面部宽度、双眶指数和中面部指数上，石坝口和天德寺头骨的值几乎相同。有些类别以时代为序列形式。

Edo era is a most nearest period to modern Japanese. Edo era people were divided four classes called "si-nou-kou-syo i. e. samurai, farmers, artisan and merchant". Many skeletons were excavated in Tokyo. The skeleton of the lord of Nagaoka were excavated from the Saikaiji-temple. The skeleton was regarded as the samurai were excavated at Shiba-kouen 1-chome site and the Tentokuji-temple. The skeleton regarded the town people were excavated at Kamikurumasaka-machi and Yushima-muenzaka at Fukagawa district. Suzuki (1951) reported the Kamakura era skeleton and Morita (1950) reported the Modern Japanese skull measurements. We compared the edo era skeleton to Kamakura era and Modern Jananese skeleton. The following categories are very near mean values between Kamikurumasaka and Yusima skulls : maximum cranial length, cranial length-breadth index, facial length, upper facial breadth, bizygomaticbreadth, middle facial breadth, upper facial index (Kollmann), orbital index, nasal breadth and nasal index. Shiba-kouen and Tentokuji-temple skulls take almost same value at maximum cranial length, cranial length-breadth index, upper facial breadth, bi-orbital index and middle facial index. Some categories takes serial shape as era.