Photosynthetic heterosis in single leaf of rice plant.

水稻单叶光合杂种优势。

• 批准号: 01480044
• 负责人: KUBOTA Fumitake
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01480044/
• 关键词: Dry Matter Production; Fl Hybrid Rice; Heterosis; photosynthesis; RuBPcase Activity; Water Stress; 水稲; ハイブリッドライス; 光合成; Rubisco; RuBpカルボキシラ-ゼ

1. <1989-1990> High productivity of F_1 rice cultivars has been well known recently. However there is not so much information about the production system and photosynthesis in hybrid rice. In this research the heterosis phenomenon on the photosynthetic productivity and environmental adaptability was elucidated on some production determinants by comparing F_1 and selfed plants. Main materials used here were a Chinese F_1 cultivar, Shanyou-63, and F_1 strains obtained by crossing some leading Japanese cultivars with AF-70, a strain introduced from Africa.These F_1 cultivar and strains were characterized by the rapid increase of leaf area and culm weight from early to heading stage and by the rapid decrease after heading ripening. Heterosis effects were recognized on the number of heads a plant and the number of grains a head. The increase of yield in F_1, cultivar and strains were mainly dependent on the translocation of photosynthate accumulated in leaves and culms before heading.2. <19 … More 90> Photosynthetic rate in sin le leaf was higher in F_1 cultivar and strains. Especially the photosynthetic rate in Shanyou-63 was held at a high level from early to late rowth sta. e. Also the activity of RuBPCase, one of key enzymes related to CO_2 assimilation was constantly high. These factors may effectively contribute to the pyrodubtion increase.The development of root system and fun ions were investigated under the growth condition with root competition. Shanyou-63 had a superiority in the total dry matter weight and yield to other cultivars including an Indica-Japonica high yielding type, Sweon-258. The high competitive ability of roots of Shanyou-63 may be supported by photosynthate translocation from aboveground parts to roots. A higher ratio of dry matter partitioning was found in the roots of Shanyou-63. In addition tries hybrid cultivar had a high tolerability to draughts and the water stressed plants could be more smooth recovered in Photosynthetic activity by rewatering.3. <1991> The outline of heterosis phenomenon in production and photosynthesis could be recognized from the results obtain above. In the final year, 1991, to make these results more concrete, more detailed analyses were repeated using several F_1 cultivars and strains. As a new finding, some interesting fact was evidenced in the carbohydrate metabolism of F_1 cultivars and s rains. The carbohydrate metabolism and starch synthetic metabolism are scheduled to be analyzed in relation to photosynthetic rate and activity of some main enzymes using more cultivars and strains in the next year. Less

1、<1989-1990> F_1水稻品种的高产近年来已为人们所熟知。然而，关于杂交水稻的生产系统和光合作用的信息并不多。本研究通过比较F_1和自交植物，在一些产量决定因素上阐明了杂种优势现象对光合生产力和环境适应性的影响。主要材料为中国F_1品种“汕优63”以及日本主导品种与非洲引进品种AF-70杂交得到的F_1品系。这些F_1品种和品系的特点是从早期到抽穗期叶面积和秆重迅速增加，抽穗成熟后迅速减少。杂种优势效应在植物的穗数和穗粒数上得到了证实。 F_1、品种和品系产量的增加主要依靠抽穗前叶片和秆中积累的光合产物的转移。2． <19 … More 90> F_1品种和品系的单叶光合速率较高。特别是汕优63的光合速率从早到晚一直保持在较高水平。 e.与CO_2同化相关的关键酶之一RuBPCase的活性也持续较高。这些因素可能有效地促进了焦解的增加。在根系竞争的生长条件下研究了根系和功能离子的发育。汕优63在干物质总重和产量方面优于其他品种，包括籼粳高产型Sweon-258。 Shanyou-63根部的高竞争能力可能是由光合产物从地上部分转移到根部来支持的。汕优63根部干物质分配率较高。另外尝试的杂交品种对干旱具有较高的耐受性，水分胁迫的植物通过补水可以更顺利地恢复光合活性。 3． <1991> 从上述结果中可以认识到生产和光合作用中杂种优势现象的轮廓。在最后一年，即 1991 年，为了使这些结果更加具体，使用几个 F_1 品种和品系重复了更详细的分析。作为一项新发现，F_1 品种和降雨的碳水化合物代谢中证明了一些有趣的事实。计划明年利用更多品种和菌株对碳水化合物代谢和淀粉合成代谢与光合速率和一些主要酶活性的关系进行分析。较少的

项目成果

弥富 道男・窪田 文武他2: "酸素電極法による光合成速度の測定" 日本作物学会紀事. 59. 75-76 (1990)

Michio Yatomi、Fumitake Kubota 等人2：“通过氧电极法测量光合速率”日本作物学会杂志 59. 75-76 (1990)。

窪田文武: "西アフリカ地域で採集したO.SativaおよびO.glaberrimaの光合成・物質生産における施肥反応" 日本作物学会記事. 58. 85-86 (1989)

Fumitake Kubota：“西非采集的 O. Sativa 和 O. glaberrima 的光合作用和物质生产中的施肥反应”，日本作物科学会文章 58. 85-86 (1989)。

窪田 文武,岡野 智,縣 和一,片山 忠夫: "西アフリカ地域の水稲栽培種Oryza graberrima Steud.とOryza sativa L.の乾物生産と光合成の水耕液濃度に対する反応" 日本作物学会紀事. 61. (1992)

Fumitake Kubota、Satoshi Okano、Kazuichi Agata、Tadao Katayama：“西非水稻品种 Oryzagraberrima Steud. 和 Oryza sativa L. 的干物质生产和光合作用对水培溶液浓度的响应”作物科学学会杂志日本。61。（1992）

K.Hirao,F.Kubota,W.Agata: "Heterosis in photosynthesis and dry matter production of hybrid rices" Asian Crop Science association. (1992)

K.Hirao，F.Kubota，W.Agata：“杂交水稻光合作用和干物质生产中的杂种优势”亚洲作物科学协会。

窪田 文武,川内 哲明,縣 和一,片山 忠夫: "アフリカ産水稲栽培種Oryza sativa L.とOryza graberrima Steud.の光合成物質生産に関する研究 第3報水稲品種日本晴との比較におけるアフリカ系統の光合成・物質生産特性" 日本作物学会紀事. 60(別1). 132-133 (1991)

Fumitake Kubota、Tetsuaki Kawauchi、Kazuichi Agata、Tadao Katayama：“非洲水稻品种 Oryza sativa L. 和 Oryzagraberrima Steud 光合物质产生的研究。第三次报告。非洲品种的光合作用和物质与水稻品种日本晴的比较. “生产特性”日本作物科学会杂志 60（第 1 部分）。