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A Study of Managerial Functions of Group Farming

群体农业管理职能研究

基本信息

批准号：
02451090
负责人：
CHO Kenji
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02451090/
关键词：
Group farming Differentiation of farm classes Rural hamlet Managerial function

项目摘要

Actual investigations had been done continuously during the 2nd year (1991) of the following four cases of group farming ; (1) Ito Joint-use Group of Farm Machinery, Maebaru Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, (2) Hamakubo Co-operative Farm, Nijyo Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, (3) Mitsuhashi Joint-use Group of Farm machinery, Isezaki City, Gunma Prefecture, and (4) Hada Co-operative Farm, Karatu City, Saga Prefecture. Of which, (1) and (4) were the cases which were found in the area where intensive types of farming had been practiced and were the cases which covered a wider area than a hamlet ; (2) was the case which was organized in the extent of a hamlet in an intensive farming area ; and (3) was the case which covered several rural hamlets in an extensive farming area where the most farms were in the category of part-time ones.The followings were the main results obtained from actual investigations of the different types of group farming in different types of farming areas.(1) A clear difference … More was found by two regions, Eastern Japan and Western Japan, in the types of and in the ways of shifting managerial functions of group farming. It seemed to due to the difference in types of farming in both regions.(2) Both joint-use of machinery and group adjustment of land use were necessary to improve the effectiveness of group farming.(3) The types of group farming which covered a wider area than a rural hamlet were desirable to employ machinery more efficiently. However, in such a widely organized group of farming, relations between group farming and rural hamlet become the problem to be adjusted.(4) Group farming had a tendency, in one respect, to change from one tupe which was organized on a territorial basis containing numerous farms of heterogeneous to another type which was organized on a voluntary basis consisted of less farms in number of homogeneous character in size of farm or in type of farms. The latter type of group farming seemed to have advantages in expanding the size of farm businesses and in strengthening the managerial functions of groups farming. However, the prevailing system of small-sized scattered fields placed a strong restrictions on improvement of efficiency in the use of farm resources in such a thpe of group farming as organized on a voluntary basis in a wider area. Both types of groups farming above mentioned seemed to b e necessary to work together to solve the problems relating to the prevailing scattered-field system. Less

第二年（1991年）连续进行了以下四起集体养殖案例的实际调查： (1) 福冈县前原町伊东农业机械联合集团、(2) 福冈县二条町滨久保合作农场、(3) 群马县伊势崎市三桥农业机械联合集团、(4) 佐贺县卡拉土市哈田合作农场。其中，（1）、（4）是在集约化耕作地区发现的病例，且是范围比村落更广的病例； (2) 是在集约化农业区的一个小村庄范围内组织的案件； (3)是在广阔的农耕区范围内的几个小村庄的情况，其中大部分农场属于兼职农场。以下是对不同类型农耕区不同类型的集体农业的实际调查得出的主要结果。(1)东日本和西日本两个地区的集体农业的类型和管理职能转移的方式存在明显差异。这似乎是由于两个地区耕作类型的差异所致。(2)机械联合使用和土地利用的集体调整都是提高集体耕作效率的必要条件。(3)覆盖范围比农村小村庄更广的集体耕作类型需要更有效地使用机械。然而，在如此广泛组织的农业群体中，群体农业与乡村的关系就成为需要调整的问题。(4)群体农业在一方面有一种趋势，从一种以地域为基础、包含大量异质农场的组织类型，转变为另一种自愿组织的、由较少的农场组成、农场规模或农场类型相同的农场类型。后一种集体农业似乎在扩大农场经营规模和强化集体农业的管理功能方面具有优势。然而，目前普遍存在的小散田制度，极大地限制了这种在更大范围内自愿组织的集体农业提高农业资源利用效率的能力。上述两种类型的农业群体似乎有必要共同努力解决与现行分散田制有关的问题。较少的